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Badger

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For other uses, see Badger (disambiguation).

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (June 2010)

Badger

American badger

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Mustelidae

Subfamily: Melinae

Mellivorinae

Taxidiinae

Genera

 

Arctonyx

Melogale

Meles

Mellivora

Taxidea

 

Badgers, occasionally referred to as brocks, are short-legged, heavy-set omnivores in the weasel biological family, Mustelidae. There are eight species of badger, in three subfamilies (see links in species list below): Melinae (badgers of Europe and Asia), Mellivorinae (the Ratel or honey badger), and Taxideinae (the American badger). The Asiatic stink badgers of the genus Mydaus were formerly included in the Melinae and Mustelidae, but recent genetic evidence[citation needed] indicates that these are actually members of the skunk family, placing them in the taxonomic family Mephitidae.

 

Badgers include the species in the genera Meles, Arctonyx, Taxidea and Mellivora species. Their lower jaw is articulated to the upper by means of a transverse condyle firmly locked into a long cavity of the cranium, so that dislocation of the jaw is all but impossible. This enables the badger to maintain its hold with the utmost tenacity, but limits its jaw movement to hinging open and shut, or sliding from side to side without the twisting movement possible for the jaws of most mammals.

Contents

[hide]

 

* 1 Etymology

* 2 Classification

* 3 Distribution

* 4 Behavior

* 5 Diet

* 6 Badgers and humans

o 6.1 As food

o 6.2 Commercial use

* 7 In popular culture

* 8 Notes

* 9 External links

 

[edit] Etymology

 

The word badger originally applied to the European Badger (Meles meles). Its derivation is uncertain. It possibly comes from the French word blaireau: "corn-hoarder", or from the French word bêcheur (digger), introduced during William the Conqueror's reign.[1][not in citation given] The Oxford English Dictionary, however, states that the most likely derivation is from badge + -ard, referring to the white mark borne like a badge on its forehead.[2] It is possibly related to the Romanian viezure ("badger"), a word of uncertain etymology, believed to be inherited from Dacian/Thracian and related to the Albanian vjedhullë ("badger", "thief") and vjeth ("to steal"), and the Slavic jazvrŭ ("hedgehog"; cf. Serbian javazac "badger").[3][4][not in citation given] The less common name brock (Old English: brocc), (Scots: brock) is a Celtic loanword (cf. Gaelic broc and Welsh broch, from Proto-Celtic *brokko) meaning grey.[2] The Proto-Germanic term was *þahsu- (cf. German Dachs, Dutch das, Norwegian svin-toks; Early Modern English: dasse), probably from the PIE root *tek'- "to construct," so that the badger would have been named after its digging of setts (tunnels).

 

A male badger is a boar, a female a sow and a young badger is a cub. A collective name suggested for a group of badgers is a cete,[5] but badger colonies are more often called clans.[citation needed] Badger dens are called setts.

[edit] Classification

American badger.

 

The following list shows where the various badger species are placed in the Mustelidae classification.

 

* Family Mustelidae

o Subfamily Melinae

+ Genus Arctonyx

# Hog Badger, Arctonyx collaris

# Arctonyx albogularis[6]

# Arctonyx hoevenii[6]

+ Genus †Enhydritherium

# Giant Florida Sea Otter, Enhydritherium terraenovae[7]

+ Genus †Satherium

# Satherium piscinarium (Hagerman's Otter)

+ Genus Melogale

# Burmese Ferret-badger, Melogale personata

# Javan Ferret-badger, Melogale orientalis

# Chinese Ferret-badger, Melogale moschata

# Bornean Ferret-badger, Melogale everetti

+ Genus Meles

# Japanese Badger, Meles anakuma

# Asian Badger, Meles leucurus

# European Badger, Meles meles

o Subfamily Mellivorinae

+ Honey Badger or Ratel, Mellivora capensis

o Subfamily Taxideinae:

+ †Chamitataxus avitus

+ †Pliotaxidea nevadensis

+ †Pliotaxidea garberi

+ American Badger, Taxidea taxus

o Subfamily Mustelinae

+ Includes: weasels, martens, polecats and allies

* Family Mephitidae

o Genus Mydaus

+ Indonesian or Sunda Stink Badger (Teledu), Mydaus javanensis

+ Palawan Stink Badger, Mydaus marchei

 

[edit] Distribution

 

Badgers are found in much of North America, Ireland, and Great Britain[8] and most of Europe as far as southern Scandinavia.[9]

[edit] Behavior

 

The behavior of badgers differs by family, but all shelter underground, living in burrows called setts which may be very extensive. Some are solitary, moving from home to home, while others are known to form clans. Clan size is variable from 2 to 15. Badgers can be fierce animals and will protect themselves and their young at all costs. Badgers are capable of fighting off much larger animals such as wolves and bears. Badgers can run or gallop at up to 25–30 kilometres per hour (16–19 mph) for short periods of time.

 

North American Badgers (Taxidea taxus) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) have been seen hunting together, in a cooperative fashion.[10]

[edit] Diet

 

The diet of the Eurasian badger consists largely of earthworms, insects, and grubs. They also eat small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and birds as well as roots and fruit.[11][12] The honey badger of Africa consumes honey, porcupines and even venomous snakes (such as the puff adder). They will climb trees to gain access to honey from bees' nests. American Badgers are fossorial carnivores. Unlike many carnivores that stalk their prey in open country, badgers catch most of their food by digging. They can tunnel after ground-dwelling rodents with amazing speed. They have been known to cache food.

 

In North America, coyotes sometimes eat badgers and vice versa, but the majority of their interactions seem to be mutual or neutral.[13] Badgers have been known to become intoxicated with alcohol after eating rotting fruit.[14]

[edit] Badgers and humans

Eurasian badger.

For more details on badgers and bovine tuberculosis, see Eurasian badger.

 

Hunting badgers is common in many countries. Manipulating the badger population is prohibited in many European countries as badgers are listed in the Berne Convention, but they are not otherwise the subject of any international treaty or legislation.

 

The blood sport of badger-baiting was outlawed in the United Kingdom by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835 as well as the Protection of Badgers Act 1992 which makes it a serious offence to kill, injure or take a badger, or to damage or interfere with a sett unless a licence is obtained from a statutory authority. An exemption that allowed fox hunters to loosely block setts to prevent chased foxes escaping into them was brought to an end with the passage of the Hunting Act 2004.

 

Many badgers in Europe were gassed[citation needed] during the 1960s and 1970s to control rabies. Until the 1980s, gassing was also practised in the UK to control the spread of bovine TB.

 

The dachshund dog breed has a history with badgers; "dachs" is the German word for badger, and dachshunds were originally bred to be badger hounds.[15]

[edit] As food

 

Although rarely eaten today in the United States or the United Kingdom,[16] badger was once one of the main meat sources in the diets of Native Americans and white colonists.[17][18][19][20][21] Badgers were also eaten in Britain during World War II and the 1950s.[18]

 

In Russia, the consumption of badger meat is still widespread.[22] Badger, along with dog and pork, shish kebabs are cited as a major source of trichinellosis outbreaks in the Altai region of Russia.[22] Consumption of badger meat also occurs in other European countries such as Croatia, where it is used in a variation of the traditional dish of goulash.[23] In contrast to Russia, there are no reports of trichinellosis related to the consumption of badger meat. This is credited to adequate preparation of the meat and good thermal processing of it.[21]

 

In France, badger meat was used in the preparation of several dishes, such as Blarieur au sang and it was a relatively common ingredient in countryside cuisine.[24] Badger meat was eaten in some parts of Spain until recently as well.[25]

 

Badger remains a source of food in China, and the meat is freely available in market places.[26][27] Other Asian countries also have traditions of consuming badger meat. In Japan, it is mentioned in folktales where it is regarded as a food for the humble.[28]

[edit] Commercial use

 

Today badgers are commercially raised for their hair, which is harvested to make shaving brushes. Virtually all commercial badger hair comes from mainland China,[citation needed] which supplies knots of hair in three grades to brush makers in both China and Europe. In rural Northern China, badgers multiply to the point of becoming a crop nuisance, and village cooperatives are licensed by the national government to hunt badgers and process their hair. The hair is also used for paint brushes, and was used as a trim on Native American garments.[29] It has been used in some instances as doll hair.[citation needed]

[edit] In popular culture

Badger, Rat, Mole, and Toad from The Wind in the Willows.

 

Badgers are popular in English fiction. Badger characters are featured in author Brian Jacques' Redwall series, most often falling under the title of Badger Lord or Badger Mother, and the 19th century poem "The Badger" by John Clare describes a badger hunt and badger-baiting. The character Frances in Russell Hoban's children's books is a badger. A badger god is featured in The Immortals by Tamora Pierce and "The Badger" is a comic book hero created by Mike Baron.

 

Many other stories featuring badgers as characters include Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Mr. Tod (Tommy Brock), the Rupert Bear adventures by Mary Tourtel, Prince Caspian (Trufflehunter) by C. S. Lewis, Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows, T. H. White's The Once and Future King and The Book of Merlyn, Fantastic Mr. Fox by Roald Dahl, Colin Dann's The Animals of Farthing Wood and Erin Hunter's – Warriors.

 

Badgers are also featured in films and animations: a flash video of The Badger Song shows a group doing calisthenics, while In Pokémon, Typhlosion and Linoone are based on badgers. Walt Disney's 1973 film Robin Hood, depicts the character of Friar Tuck by a badger.

 

In folklore, the badger in Japan is a wild creature that sometimes appears as a mischievous being.[30] In Europe, Badgers were originally used to predict the length of winter,[31] and the badger is the state animal of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.[32] The badger is also the mascot of the University of Wisconsin's athletic teams. In 2007 suggestions that British forces released man-eating badgers near Basra, Iraq, to kill terrorists were refuted.[33].[34]

[edit] Notes

 

1. ^ BBC Natural World, 2008, Badgers: Secrets of the Sett

2. ^ a b Weiner, E. S. C.; Simpson, J. R. (1989). The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2. Online at http://dictionary.oed.com (subscription required).

3. ^ Sorin Mihai Olteanu, The Thracian Palatal (Accessed: April 3rd, 2010).

4. ^ The Romanian Etymological Dictionary. Online at Dexonline.ro

5. ^ Hints and Things: collective nouns Retgrieved 28 June 2010

6. ^ a b "The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)". Blackwell Publishing. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/zoj/2008/00000154/00000002/art00006.

7. ^ Berta, A. & Morgan, G.S. (1985). A new sea otter (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene (Hemphillian) of North America. J. Paleontology, 59: 809-819.

8. ^ Sleeman,D.P. Davenport, J., Cussen.R.E. and Hammond, R.F. 2009. The small-bodied adgers (Meles meles (L.) of Rutland Island, Co. Donegal. Ir. Nat. J. 30: 1 - 6

9. ^ Brink van den, F.H. 1967. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Britain and Europe. Collins, London

10. ^ Cahalane VH (1950) Badger-coyote "partnerships." Journal of Mammalogy 31: 354-355

11. ^ "Badger Ecology: diet". Woodchester Park Badger Research. Central Science Laboratory. http://www.badgerecology.org/BEdiet.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

12. ^ "Diet of the Eurasian badger". Badgerecology.org. http://www.badgerecology.org/BEdiet.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

13. ^ Kiliaan HPL, Mamo C, Paquet PC (1991) A Coyote, Canis latrans, and Badger, Taxidea taxus, interaction near Cypress Hills Provincial Park, Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 105: 122-12

14. ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i9a013U8U1EbEBcrlAf0115R6doQ

15. ^ "Dachshund, Dachshunds, Wiener Dog, little hot dog, hotdog dog". Dog Breed Info Center. http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/dachshund.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

16. ^ "Wonderland: The Man Who Eats Badgers and Other Strange Tales - TV pick of the day for January 23rd, 2008". Library.digiguide.com. http://library.digiguide.com/lib/uk-tv-highlight/Wonderland:+The+Man+Who+Eats+Badgers+and+Other+Strange+Tales-2425/Documentary/. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

17. ^ "Primary Source documents". Bcheritage.ca. http://www.bcheritage.ca/cariboo/primary/mcmick.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

18. ^ a b "How To Bake A Badger". Globalchefs.com. http://web.archive.org/web/20070715183303/http://www.globalchefs.com/article/current/art123bak.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-07.

19. ^ "Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2004)". Trichinella.org. http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

20. ^ "MESO: The first Croatian meat journal, Vol.VII No.1 February 2005". Hrcak. 1 February 2005. http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=35552&lang=en. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

21. ^ a b "http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf" (PDF). http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf.

22. ^ a b "Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2005) - Russia". www.trichinella.org. http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

23. ^ "Sweet delicacy from hunter's kitchen - badger (Melles melles L.) Abstract". Portal of scientific journals of Croatia. http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=35552&lang=en. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

24. ^ Molinier, Annie ; Molinier, Jean-Claude; d'Hauterives, Benoît Lumeau. (2004). Les cuisines oubliées. Illinois: Editions Sud Ouest. ISBN 978-2879015491. Parts of it online at http://www.gastronomydomine.com/2006/06/badger-stew.html.

25. ^ "Badgers in Spain". IberiaNature. http://www.iberianature.com/mammals/other-carnivores/badgers-in-spain/. Retrieved 2008-11-25.

26. ^ English Shaving Shop. "The Olde English Shaving Shop - The English Badger is a protected species". Englishshavingshop.com. http://www.englishshavingshop.com/shopcontent.asp?type=protected. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

27. ^ "Bristle Types and Bloom". Emsplace.com. http://www.emsplace.com/bristle_types_and_bloom.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

28. ^ Radin, Paul. (1946). Folktales of Japan as Told in California - The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 59, No. 233 (Jul. - Sep., 1946), pp. 289-308. Illinois: University of Illinois Press on behalf of American Folklore Society. Online at http://www.jstor.org/pss/536252 (subscription required).

29. ^ "ADW: Taxidea taxus: Information". Animal Diversity Web. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taxidea_taxus.html. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

30. ^ Jeremy Roberts: Japanese Mythology A to Z, 2nd edition, 2010. ISBN 978-1-60413-435-3.

31. ^ Yoder, Don, Groundhog Day. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003 ISBN 0-8117-0029-1

32. ^ http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/mammal/badger.htm

33. ^ "British blamed for Basra badgers". BBC News. 12 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6295138.stm. Retrieved 2007-07-12.

34. ^ Carney, Mike (12 July 2007). "Brits 'deny' releasing 'giant man-eating' badgers that target Iraqis". USA Today. http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/07/brits-deny-rele.html. Retrieved 2007-07-12.

 

[edit] External links

Search Wikispecies Wikispecies has information related to: melinae

Search Wikisource Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Badger.

 

* Badgerland - The Definitive On-Line Guide to Badgers in the UK

* WildlifeOnline - Natural History of Badgers

* Badger Facts

 

[show]

v • d • e

Extant Carnivora species

Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Infraclass: Eutheria · Superorder: Laurasiatheria

[show]

 

Suborder Feliformia

Nandiniidae

Nandinia

 

African Palm Civet (N. binotata)

Herpestidae

(Mongooses)

Atilax

 

Marsh Mongoose (A. paludinosus)

Bdeogale

 

Bushy-tailed Mongoose (B. crassicauda) · Jackson's Mongoose (B. jacksoni) · Black-footed Mongoose (B. nigripes)

Crossarchus

 

Alexander's Kusimanse (C. alexandri) · Angolan Kusimanse (C. ansorgei) · Common Kusimanse (C. obscurus) · Flat-headed Kusimanse (C. platycephalus)

Cynictis

 

Yellow Mongoose (C. penicillata)

Dologale

 

Pousargues's Mongoose (D. dybowskii)

Galerella

 

Angolan Slender Mongoose (G. flavescens) · Somalian Slender Mongoose (G. ochracea) · Cape Gray Mongoose (G. pulverulenta) · Slender Mongoose (G. sanguinea)

Helogale

 

Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose (H. hirtula) · Common Dwarf Mongoose (H. parvula)

Herpestes

 

Short-tailed Mongoose (H. brachyurus) · Indian Gray Mongoose (H. edwardsii) · Indian Brown Mongoose (H. fuscus) · Egyptian Mongoose (H. ichneumon) · Small Asian Mongoose (H. javanicus) · Long-nosed Mongoose (H. naso) · Collared Mongoose (H. semitorquatus) · Ruddy Mongoose (H. smithii) · Crab-eating Mongoose (H. urva) · Stripe-necked Mongoose (H. vitticollis)

Ichneumia

 

White-tailed Mongoose (I. albicauda)

Liberiictus

 

Liberian Mongoose (L. kuhni)

Mungos

 

Gambian Mongoose (M. gambianus) · Banded Mongoose (M. mungo)

Paracynictis

 

Selous' Mongoose (P. selousi)

Rhynchogale

 

Meller's Mongoose (R. melleri)

Suricata

 

Meerkat (S. suricatta)

Hyaenidae

(Hyenas)

Crocuta

 

Spotted Hyena (C. crocuta)

Hyaena

 

Brown Hyena (H. brunnea) · Striped Hyena (H. hyaena)

Proteles

 

Aardwolf (P. cristatus)

Felidae

Large family listed below

Viverridae

Large family listed below

Eupleridae

Small family listed below

[show]

 

Family Felidae

Felinae

Acinonyx

 

Cheetah (A. jubatus)

Caracal

 

Caracal (C. caracal)

Catopuma

 

Bay Cat (C. badia) · Asian Golden Cat (C. temminckii)

Felis

 

Chinese Mountain Cat (F. bieti) · Cat (F. catus) · Jungle Cat (F. chaus) · Pallas' Cat (F. manul) · Sand Cat (F. margarita) · Black-footed Cat (F. nigripes) · Wildcat (F. silvestris)

Leopardus

 

Pantanal Cat (L. braccatus) · Colocolo (L. colocolo) · Geoffroy's Cat (L. geoffroyi) · Kodkod (L. guigna) · Andean Mountain Cat (L. jacobitus) · Pampas Cat (L. pajeros) · Ocelot (L. pardalis) · Oncilla (L. tigrinus) · Margay (L. wiedii)

Leptailurus

 

Serval (L. serval)

Lynx

 

Canadian Lynx (L. canadensis) · Eurasian Lynx (L. lynx) · Iberian Lynx (L. pardinus) · Bobcat (L. rufus)

Pardofelis

 

Marbled Cat (P. marmorata)

Prionailurus

 

Leopard Cat (P. bengalensis) · Iriomote Cat (P. iriomotensis) · Flat-headed Cat (P. planiceps) · Rusty-spotted Cat (P. rubiginosus) · Fishing Cat (P. viverrinus)

Profelis

 

African Golden Cat (P. aurata)

Puma

 

Cougar (P. concolor) · Jaguarundi (P. yagouaroundi)

Pantherinae

Neofelis

 

Clouded Leopard (N. nebulosa) · Bornean Clouded Leopard (N. diardi)

Panthera

 

Lion (P. leo) · Jaguar (P. onca) · Leopard (P. pardus) · Tiger (P. tigris)

Uncia

 

Snow Leopard (U. uncia)

[show]

 

Family Viverridae (includes Civets)

Paradoxurinae

Arctictis

 

Binturong (A. binturong)

Arctogalidia

 

Small-toothed Palm Civet (A. trivirgata)

Macrogalidia

 

Sulawesi Palm Civet (M. musschenbroekii)

Paguma

 

Masked Palm Civet (P. larvata)

Paradoxurus

 

Asian Palm Civet (P. hermaphroditus) · Jerdon's Palm Civet (P. jerdoni) · Golden Palm Civet (P. zeylonensis)

Hemigalinae

Chrotogale

 

Owston's Palm Civet (C. owstoni)

Cynogale

 

Otter Civet (C. bennettii)

Diplogale

 

Hose's Palm Civet (D. hosei)

Hemigalus

 

Banded Palm Civet (H. derbyanus)

Prionodontinae

(Asiatic linsangs)

Prionodon

 

Banded Linsang (P. linsang) · Spotted Linsang (P. pardicolor)

Viverrinae

Civettictis

 

African Civet (C. civetta)

Genetta

(Genets)

 

Abyssinian Genet (G. abyssinica) · Angolan Genet (G. angolensis) · Bourlon's Genet (G. bourloni) · Crested Servaline Genet (G. cristata) · Common Genet (G. genetta) · Johnston's Genet (G. johnstoni) · Rusty-spotted Genet (G. maculata) · Pardine Genet (G. pardina) · Aquatic Genet (G. piscivora) · King Genet (G. poensis) · Servaline Genet (G. servalina) · Haussa Genet (G. thierryi) · Cape Genet (G. tigrina) · Giant Forest Genet (G. victoriae)

Poiana

 

Leighton's Linsang (P. leightoni) · African Linsang (P. richardsonii)

Viverra

 

Malabar Large-spotted Civet (V. civettina) · Large-spotted Civet (V. megaspila) · Malayan Civet (V. tangalunga) · Large Indian Civet (V. zibetha)

Viverricula

 

Small Indian Civet (V. indica)

[show]

 

Family Eupleridae

Euplerinae

Cryptoprocta

 

Fossa (C. ferox)

Eupleres

 

Falanouc (E. goudotii)

Fossa

 

Malagasy Civet (F. fossana)

Galidiinae

Galidia

 

Ring-tailed Mongoose (G. elegans)

Galidictis

 

Broad-striped Malagasy Mongoose (G. fasciata) · Grandidier's Mongoose (G. grandidieri)

Mungotictis

 

Narrow-striped Mongoose (M. decemlineata)

Salanoia

 

Brown-tailed Mongoose (S. concolor)

[show]

 

Suborder Caniformia (cont. below)

Ursidae

(Bears)

Ailuropoda

 

Giant Panda (A. melanoleuca)

Helarctos

 

Sun Bear (H. malayanus)

Melursus

 

Sloth Bear (M. ursinus)

Tremarctos

 

Spectacled Bear (T. ornatus)

Ursus

 

American Black Bear (U. americanus) · Brown Bear (U. arctos) · Grizzly Bear (U. arctos horribilis) · Polar bear (U. maritimus) · Asian Black Bear (U. thibetanus)

Mephitidae

(Skunks)

Conepatus

(Hog-nosed

skunks)

 

Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk (C. chinga) · Humboldt's Hog-nosed Skunk (C. humboldtii) · American Hog-nosed Skunk (C. leuconotus) · Striped Hog-nosed Skunk (C. semistriatus)

Mephitis

 

Hooded Skunk (M. macroura) · Striped Skunk (M. mephitis)

Mydaus

 

Sunda Stink Badger (M. javanensis) · Palawan Stink Badger (M. marchei)

Spilogale

(Spotted skunks)

 

Southern Spotted Skunk (S. angustifrons) · Western Spotted Skunk (S. gracilis) · Eastern Spotted Skunk (S. putorius) · Pygmy Spotted Skunk (S. pygmaea)

Procyonidae

Bassaricyon

(Olingos)

 

Allen's Olingo (B. alleni) · Beddard's Olingo (B. beddardi) · Bushy-tailed Olingo (B. gabbii) · Harris's Olingo (B. lasius) · Chiriqui Olingo (B. pauli)

Bassariscus

 

Ring-tailed Cat (B. astutus) · Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)

Nasua

(Coatis inclusive)

 

White-nosed Coati (N. narica) · South American Coati (N. nasua)

Nasuella

(Coatis inclusive)

 

Mountain Coati (N. olivacea)

Potos

 

Kinkajou (P. flavus)

Procyon

 

Crab-eating Raccoon (P. cancrivorus) · Raccoon (P. lotor) · Cozumel Raccoon (P. pygmaeus)

Ailuridae

Ailurus

 

Red Panda (A. fulgens)

[show]

 

Suborder Caniformia (cont. above)

Otariidae

(Eared seals)

(includes fur seals

and sea lions)

(Pinniped inclusive)

Arctocephalus

 

South American Fur Seal (A. australis) · Australasian Fur Seal (A. forsteri) · Galápagos Fur Seal (A. galapagoensis) · Antarctic Fur Seal (A. gazella) · Juan Fernández Fur Seal (A. philippii) · Brown Fur Seal (A. pusillus) · Guadalupe Fur Seal (A. townsendi) · Subantarctic Fur Seal (A. tropicalis)

Callorhinus

 

Northern Fur Seal (C. ursinus)

Eumetopias

 

Steller Sea Lion (E. jubatus)

Neophoca

 

Australian Sea Lion (N. cinerea)

Otaria

 

South American Sea Lion (O. flavescens)

Phocarctos

 

New Zealand Sea Lion (P. hookeri)

Zalophus

 

California Sea Lion (Z. californianus) · Galápagos Sea Lion (Z. wollebaeki)

Odobenidae

(Pinniped inclusive)

Odobenus

 

Walrus (O. rosmarus)

Phocidae

(Earless seals)

(Pinniped inclusive)

Cystophora

 

Hooded Seal (C. cristata)

Erignathus

 

Bearded Seal (E. barbatus)

Halichoerus

 

Gray Seal (H. grypus)

Histriophoca

 

Ribbon Seal (H. fasciata)

Hydrurga

 

Leopard Seal (H. leptonyx)

Leptonychotes

 

Weddell Seal (L. weddellii)

Lobodon

 

Crabeater Seal (L. carcinophagus)

Mirounga

(Elephant seals)

 

Northern Elephant Seal (M. angustirostris) · Southern Elephant Seal (M. leonina)

Monachus

 

Mediterranean Monk Seal (M. monachus) · Hawaiian Monk Seal (M. schauinslandi)

Ommatophoca

 

Ross Seal (O. rossi)

Pagophilus

 

Harp Seal (P. groenlandicus)

Phoca

 

Spotted Seal (P. largha) · Harbor Seal (P. vitulina)

Pusa

 

Caspian Seal (P. caspica) · Ringed Seal (P. hispida) · Baikal Seal (P. sibirica)

Canidae

Large family listed below

Mustelidae

Large family listed below

[show]

 

Family Canidae

Atelocynus

Short-eared Dog (A. microtis)

Canis

Side-striped Jackal (C. adustus) · Golden Jackal (C. aureus) · Coyote (C. latrans) · Gray Wolf (C. lupus) · Dog (C. lupus familiaris) · Black-backed Jackal (C. mesomelas) · Ethiopian Wolf (C. simensis)

Cerdocyon

Crab-eating Fox (C. thous)

Chrysocyon

Maned Wolf (C. brachyurus)

Cuon

Dhole (C. alpinus)

Lycalopex

Culpeo (L. culpaeus) · Darwin's Fox (L. fulvipes) · South American Gray Fox (L. griseus) · Pampas Fox (L. gymnocercus) · Sechuran Fox (L. sechurae) · Hoary Fox (L. vetulus)

Lycaon

African Wild Dog (L. pictus)

Nyctereutes

Raccoon Dog (N. procyonoides)

Otocyon

Bat-eared Fox (O. megalotis)

Speothos

Bush Dog (S. venaticus)

Urocyon

Gray Fox (U. cinereoargenteus) · Island Fox (U. littoralis)

Vulpes

Bengal Fox (V. bengalensis) · Blanford's Fox (V. cana) · Cape Fox (V. chama) · Corsac Fox (V. corsac) · Tibetan Sand Fox (V. ferrilata) · Arctic Fox (V. lagopus) · Kit Fox (V. macrotis) · Pale Fox (V. pallida) · Rüppell's Fox (V. rueppelli) · Swift Fox (V. velox) · Red Fox (V. vulpes) · Fennec Fox (V. zerda)

[hide]

 

Family Mustelidae

Lutrinae

(Otters)

Aonyx

 

African Clawless Otter (A. capensis) · Oriental Small-clawed Otter (A. cinerea)

Enhydra

 

Sea otter (E. lutris)

Hydrictis

 

Spotted-necked Otter (H. maculicollis)

Lontra

 

North American River Otter (L. canadensis) · Marine Otter (L. felina) · Neotropical Otter (L. longicaudis) · Southern River Otter (L. provocax)

Lutra

 

European Otter (L. lutra) · Hairy-nosed Otter (L. sumatrana)

Lutrogale

 

Smooth-coated Otter (L. perspicillata)

Pteronura

 

Giant Otter (P. brasiliensis)

Mustelinae

(including Badgers)

Arctonyx

 

Hog Badger (A. collaris)

Eira

 

Tayra (E. barbara)

Galictis

 

Lesser Grison (G. cuja) · Greater Grison (G. vittata)

Gulo

 

Wolverine (G. gulo)

Ictonyx

 

Saharan Striped Polecat (I. libyca) · Striped Polecat (I. striatus)

Lyncodon

 

Patagonian Weasel (L. patagonicus)

Martes

(Martens)

 

American Marten (M. americana) · Yellow-throated Marten (M. flavigula) · Beech Marten (M. foina) · Nilgiri Marten (M. gwatkinsii) · European Pine Marten (M. martes) · Japanese Marten (M. melampus) · Fisher (M. pennanti) · Sable (M. zibellina)

Meles

 

Japanese Badger (M. anakuma) · Asian Badger (M. leucurus) · European Badger (M. meles)

Mellivora

 

Honey Badger (M. capensis)

Melogale

(Ferret-badgers)

 

Bornean Ferret-badger (M. everetti) · Chinese Ferret-badger (M. moschata) · Javan Ferret-badger (M. orientalis) · Burmese Ferret-badger (M. personata)

Mustela

(Weasels)

 

Amazon Weasel (M. africana) · Mountain Weasel (M. altaica) · Ermine (M. erminea) · Steppe Polecat (M. eversmannii) · Colombian Weasel (M. felipei) · Long-tailed Weasel (M. frenata) · Japanese Weasel (M. itatsi) · Yellow-bellied Weasel (M. kathiah) · European Mink (M. lutreola) · Indonesian Mountain Weasel (M. lutreolina) · Black-footed Ferret (M. nigripes) · Least Weasel (M. nivalis) · Malayan Weasel (M. nudipes) · European Polecat (M. putorius) · Siberian Weasel (M. sibirica) · Back-striped Weasel (M. strigidorsa) · Egyptian Weasel (M. subpalmata)

Neovison

(Minks)

 

American Mink (N. vison)

Poecilogale

 

African Striped Weasel (P. albinucha)

Taxidea

 

American Badger (T. taxus)

Vormela

 

Marbled Polecat (V. peregusna)

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Badger

From Wikipedia' date=' the free encyclopedia

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For other uses, see Badger (disambiguation).

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (June 2010)

Badger

American badger

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Mustelidae

Subfamily: Melinae

Mellivorinae

Taxidiinae

Genera

 

Arctonyx

Melogale

Meles

Mellivora

Taxidea

 

Badgers, occasionally referred to as brocks, are short-legged, heavy-set omnivores in the weasel biological family, Mustelidae. There are eight species of badger, in three subfamilies (see links in species list below): Melinae (badgers of Europe and Asia), Mellivorinae (the Ratel or honey badger), and Taxideinae (the American badger). The Asiatic stink badgers of the genus Mydaus were formerly included in the Melinae and Mustelidae, but recent genetic evidence[citation needed'] indicates that these are actually members of the skunk family, placing them in the taxonomic family Mephitidae.

 

Badgers include the species in the genera Meles, Arctonyx, Taxidea and Mellivora species. Their lower jaw is articulated to the upper by means of a transverse condyle firmly locked into a long cavity of the cranium, so that dislocation of the jaw is all but impossible. This enables the badger to maintain its hold with the utmost tenacity, but limits its jaw movement to hinging open and shut, or sliding from side to side without the twisting movement possible for the jaws of most mammals.

Contents

[hide]

 

* 1 Etymology

* 2 Classification

* 3 Distribution

* 4 Behavior

* 5 Diet

* 6 Badgers and humans

o 6.1 As food

o 6.2 Commercial use

* 7 In popular culture

* 8 Notes

* 9 External links

 

[edit] Etymology

 

The word badger originally applied to the European Badger (Meles meles). Its derivation is uncertain. It possibly comes from the French word blaireau: "corn-hoarder", or from the French word bêcheur (digger), introduced during William the Conqueror's reign.[1][not in citation given] The Oxford English Dictionary, however, states that the most likely derivation is from badge + -ard, referring to the white mark borne like a badge on its forehead.[2] It is possibly related to the Romanian viezure ("badger"), a word of uncertain etymology, believed to be inherited from Dacian/Thracian and related to the Albanian vjedhullë ("badger", "thief") and vjeth ("to steal"), and the Slavic jazvrŭ ("hedgehog"; cf. Serbian javazac "badger").[3][4][not in citation given] The less common name brock (Old English: brocc), (Scots: brock) is a Celtic loanword (cf. Gaelic broc and Welsh broch, from Proto-Celtic *brokko) meaning grey.[2] The Proto-Germanic term was *þahsu- (cf. German Dachs, Dutch das, Norwegian svin-toks; Early Modern English: dasse), probably from the PIE root *tek'- "to construct," so that the badger would have been named after its digging of setts (tunnels).

 

A male badger is a boar, a female a sow and a young badger is a cub. A collective name suggested for a group of badgers is a cete,[5] but badger colonies are more often called clans.[citation needed] Badger dens are called setts.

[edit] Classification

American badger.

 

The following list shows where the various badger species are placed in the Mustelidae classification.

 

* Family Mustelidae

o Subfamily Melinae

+ Genus Arctonyx

# Hog Badger, Arctonyx collaris

# Arctonyx albogularis[6]

# Arctonyx hoevenii[6]

+ Genus †Enhydritherium

# Giant Florida Sea Otter, Enhydritherium terraenovae[7]

+ Genus †Satherium

# Satherium piscinarium (Hagerman's Otter)

+ Genus Melogale

# Burmese Ferret-badger, Melogale personata

# Javan Ferret-badger, Melogale orientalis

# Chinese Ferret-badger, Melogale moschata

# Bornean Ferret-badger, Melogale everetti

+ Genus Meles

# Japanese Badger, Meles anakuma

# Asian Badger, Meles leucurus

# European Badger, Meles meles

o Subfamily Mellivorinae

+ Honey Badger or Ratel, Mellivora capensis

o Subfamily Taxideinae:

+ †Chamitataxus avitus

+ †Pliotaxidea nevadensis

+ †Pliotaxidea garberi

+ American Badger, Taxidea taxus

o Subfamily Mustelinae

+ Includes: weasels, martens, polecats and allies

* Family Mephitidae

o Genus Mydaus

+ Indonesian or Sunda Stink Badger (Teledu), Mydaus javanensis

+ Palawan Stink Badger, Mydaus marchei

 

[edit] Distribution

 

Badgers are found in much of North America, Ireland, and Great Britain[8] and most of Europe as far as southern Scandinavia.[9]

[edit] Behavior

 

The behavior of badgers differs by family, but all shelter underground, living in burrows called setts which may be very extensive. Some are solitary, moving from home to home, while others are known to form clans. Clan size is variable from 2 to 15. Badgers can be fierce animals and will protect themselves and their young at all costs. Badgers are capable of fighting off much larger animals such as wolves and bears. Badgers can run or gallop at up to 25–30 kilometres per hour (16–19 mph) for short periods of time.

 

North American Badgers (Taxidea taxus) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) have been seen hunting together, in a cooperative fashion.[10]

[edit] Diet

 

The diet of the Eurasian badger consists largely of earthworms, insects, and grubs. They also eat small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and birds as well as roots and fruit.[11][12] The honey badger of Africa consumes honey, porcupines and even venomous snakes (such as the puff adder). They will climb trees to gain access to honey from bees' nests. American Badgers are fossorial carnivores. Unlike many carnivores that stalk their prey in open country, badgers catch most of their food by digging. They can tunnel after ground-dwelling rodents with amazing speed. They have been known to cache food.

 

In North America, coyotes sometimes eat badgers and vice versa, but the majority of their interactions seem to be mutual or neutral.[13] Badgers have been known to become intoxicated with alcohol after eating rotting fruit.[14]

[edit] Badgers and humans

Eurasian badger.

For more details on badgers and bovine tuberculosis, see Eurasian badger.

 

Hunting badgers is common in many countries. Manipulating the badger population is prohibited in many European countries as badgers are listed in the Berne Convention, but they are not otherwise the subject of any international treaty or legislation.

 

The blood sport of badger-baiting was outlawed in the United Kingdom by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835 as well as the Protection of Badgers Act 1992 which makes it a serious offence to kill, injure or take a badger, or to damage or interfere with a sett unless a licence is obtained from a statutory authority. An exemption that allowed fox hunters to loosely block setts to prevent chased foxes escaping into them was brought to an end with the passage of the Hunting Act 2004.

 

Many badgers in Europe were gassed[citation needed] during the 1960s and 1970s to control rabies. Until the 1980s, gassing was also practised in the UK to control the spread of bovine TB.

 

The dachshund dog breed has a history with badgers; "dachs" is the German word for badger, and dachshunds were originally bred to be badger hounds.[15]

[edit] As food

 

Although rarely eaten today in the United States or the United Kingdom,[16] badger was once one of the main meat sources in the diets of Native Americans and white colonists.[17][18][19][20][21] Badgers were also eaten in Britain during World War II and the 1950s.[18]

 

In Russia, the consumption of badger meat is still widespread.[22] Badger, along with dog and pork, shish kebabs are cited as a major source of trichinellosis outbreaks in the Altai region of Russia.[22] Consumption of badger meat also occurs in other European countries such as Croatia, where it is used in a variation of the traditional dish of goulash.[23] In contrast to Russia, there are no reports of trichinellosis related to the consumption of badger meat. This is credited to adequate preparation of the meat and good thermal processing of it.[21]

 

In France, badger meat was used in the preparation of several dishes, such as Blarieur au sang and it was a relatively common ingredient in countryside cuisine.[24] Badger meat was eaten in some parts of Spain until recently as well.[25]

 

Badger remains a source of food in China, and the meat is freely available in market places.[26][27] Other Asian countries also have traditions of consuming badger meat. In Japan, it is mentioned in folktales where it is regarded as a food for the humble.[28]

[edit] Commercial use

 

Today badgers are commercially raised for their hair, which is harvested to make shaving brushes. Virtually all commercial badger hair comes from mainland China,[citation needed] which supplies knots of hair in three grades to brush makers in both China and Europe. In rural Northern China, badgers multiply to the point of becoming a crop nuisance, and village cooperatives are licensed by the national government to hunt badgers and process their hair. The hair is also used for paint brushes, and was used as a trim on Native American garments.[29] It has been used in some instances as doll hair.[citation needed]

[edit] In popular culture

Badger, Rat, Mole, and Toad from The Wind in the Willows.

 

Badgers are popular in English fiction. Badger characters are featured in author Brian Jacques' Redwall series, most often falling under the title of Badger Lord or Badger Mother, and the 19th century poem "The Badger" by John Clare describes a badger hunt and badger-baiting. The character Frances in Russell Hoban's children's books is a badger. A badger god is featured in The Immortals by Tamora Pierce and "The Badger" is a comic book hero created by Mike Baron.

 

Many other stories featuring badgers as characters include Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Mr. Tod (Tommy Brock), the Rupert Bear adventures by Mary Tourtel, Prince Caspian (Trufflehunter) by C. S. Lewis, Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows, T. H. White's The Once and Future King and The Book of Merlyn, Fantastic Mr. Fox by Roald Dahl, Colin Dann's The Animals of Farthing Wood and Erin Hunter's – Warriors.

 

Badgers are also featured in films and animations: a flash video of The Badger Song shows a group doing calisthenics, while In Pokémon, Typhlosion and Linoone are based on badgers. Walt Disney's 1973 film Robin Hood, depicts the character of Friar Tuck by a badger.

 

In folklore, the badger in Japan is a wild creature that sometimes appears as a mischievous being.[30] In Europe, Badgers were originally used to predict the length of winter,[31] and the badger is the state animal of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.[32] The badger is also the mascot of the University of Wisconsin's athletic teams. In 2007 suggestions that British forces released man-eating badgers near Basra, Iraq, to kill terrorists were refuted.[33].[34]

[edit] Notes

 

1. ^ BBC Natural World, 2008, Badgers: Secrets of the Sett

2. ^ a b Weiner, E. S. C.; Simpson, J. R. (1989). The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2. Online at http://dictionary.oed.com (subscription required).

3. ^ Sorin Mihai Olteanu, The Thracian Palatal (Accessed: April 3rd, 2010).

4. ^ The Romanian Etymological Dictionary. Online at Dexonline.ro

5. ^ Hints and Things: collective nouns Retgrieved 28 June 2010

6. ^ a b "The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)". Blackwell Publishing. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/zoj/2008/00000154/00000002/art00006.

7. ^ Berta, A. & Morgan, G.S. (1985). A new sea otter (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene (Hemphillian) of North America. J. Paleontology, 59: 809-819.

8. ^ Sleeman,D.P. Davenport, J., Cussen.R.E. and Hammond, R.F. 2009. The small-bodied adgers (Meles meles (L.) of Rutland Island, Co. Donegal. Ir. Nat. J. 30: 1 - 6

9. ^ Brink van den, F.H. 1967. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Britain and Europe. Collins, London

10. ^ Cahalane VH (1950) Badger-coyote "partnerships." Journal of Mammalogy 31: 354-355

11. ^ "Badger Ecology: diet". Woodchester Park Badger Research. Central Science Laboratory. http://www.badgerecology.org/BEdiet.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

12. ^ "Diet of the Eurasian badger". Badgerecology.org. http://www.badgerecology.org/BEdiet.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

13. ^ Kiliaan HPL, Mamo C, Paquet PC (1991) A Coyote, Canis latrans, and Badger, Taxidea taxus, interaction near Cypress Hills Provincial Park, Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 105: 122-12

14. ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i9a013U8U1EbEBcrlAf0115R6doQ

15. ^ "Dachshund, Dachshunds, Wiener Dog, little hot dog, hotdog dog". Dog Breed Info Center. http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/dachshund.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

16. ^ "Wonderland: The Man Who Eats Badgers and Other Strange Tales - TV pick of the day for January 23rd, 2008". Library.digiguide.com. http://library.digiguide.com/lib/uk-tv-highlight/Wonderland:+The+Man+Who+Eats+Badgers+and+Other+Strange+Tales-2425/Documentary/. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

17. ^ "Primary Source documents". Bcheritage.ca. http://www.bcheritage.ca/cariboo/primary/mcmick.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

18. ^ a b "How To Bake A Badger". Globalchefs.com. http://web.archive.org/web/20070715183303/http://www.globalchefs.com/article/current/art123bak.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-07.

19. ^ "Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2004)". Trichinella.org. http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

20. ^ "MESO: The first Croatian meat journal, Vol.VII No.1 February 2005". Hrcak. 1 February 2005. http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=35552&lang=en. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

21. ^ a b "http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf" (PDF). http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf.

22. ^ a b "Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2005) - Russia". www.trichinella.org. http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

23. ^ "Sweet delicacy from hunter's kitchen - badger (Melles melles L.) Abstract". Portal of scientific journals of Croatia. http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=35552&lang=en. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

24. ^ Molinier, Annie ; Molinier, Jean-Claude; d'Hauterives, Benoît Lumeau. (2004). Les cuisines oubliées. Illinois: Editions Sud Ouest. ISBN 978-2879015491. Parts of it online at http://www.gastronomydomine.com/2006/06/badger-stew.html.

25. ^ "Badgers in Spain". IberiaNature. http://www.iberianature.com/mammals/other-carnivores/badgers-in-spain/. Retrieved 2008-11-25.

26. ^ English Shaving Shop. "The Olde English Shaving Shop - The English Badger is a protected species". Englishshavingshop.com. http://www.englishshavingshop.com/shopcontent.asp?type=protected. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

27. ^ "Bristle Types and Bloom". Emsplace.com. http://www.emsplace.com/bristle_types_and_bloom.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

28. ^ Radin, Paul. (1946). Folktales of Japan as Told in California - The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 59, No. 233 (Jul. - Sep., 1946), pp. 289-308. Illinois: University of Illinois Press on behalf of American Folklore Society. Online at http://www.jstor.org/pss/536252 (subscription required).

29. ^ "ADW: Taxidea taxus: Information". Animal Diversity Web. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taxidea_taxus.html. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

30. ^ Jeremy Roberts: Japanese Mythology A to Z, 2nd edition, 2010. ISBN 978-1-60413-435-3.

31. ^ Yoder, Don, Groundhog Day. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003 ISBN 0-8117-0029-1

32. ^ http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/mammal/badger.htm

33. ^ "British blamed for Basra badgers". BBC News. 12 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6295138.stm. Retrieved 2007-07-12.

34. ^ Carney, Mike (12 July 2007). "Brits 'deny' releasing 'giant man-eating' badgers that target Iraqis". USA Today. http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/07/brits-deny-rele.html. Retrieved 2007-07-12.

 

[edit] External links

Search Wikispecies Wikispecies has information related to: melinae

Search Wikisource Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Badger.

 

* Badgerland - The Definitive On-Line Guide to Badgers in the UK

* WildlifeOnline - Natural History of Badgers

* Badger Facts

 

[show]

v • d • e

Extant Carnivora species

Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Infraclass: Eutheria · Superorder: Laurasiatheria

[show]

 

Suborder Feliformia

Nandiniidae

Nandinia

 

African Palm Civet (N. binotata)

Herpestidae

(Mongooses)

Atilax

 

Marsh Mongoose (A. paludinosus)

Bdeogale

 

Bushy-tailed Mongoose (B. crassicauda) · Jackson's Mongoose (B. jacksoni) · Black-footed Mongoose (B. nigripes)

Crossarchus

 

Alexander's Kusimanse (C. alexandri) · Angolan Kusimanse (C. ansorgei) · Common Kusimanse (C. obscurus) · Flat-headed Kusimanse (C. platycephalus)

Cynictis

 

Yellow Mongoose (C. penicillata)

Dologale

 

Pousargues's Mongoose (D. dybowskii)

Galerella

 

Angolan Slender Mongoose (G. flavescens) · Somalian Slender Mongoose (G. ochracea) · Cape Gray Mongoose (G. pulverulenta) · Slender Mongoose (G. sanguinea)

Helogale

 

Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose (H. hirtula) · Common Dwarf Mongoose (H. parvula)

Herpestes

 

Short-tailed Mongoose (H. brachyurus) · Indian Gray Mongoose (H. edwardsii) · Indian Brown Mongoose (H. fuscus) · Egyptian Mongoose (H. ichneumon) · Small Asian Mongoose (H. javanicus) · Long-nosed Mongoose (H. naso) · Collared Mongoose (H. semitorquatus) · Ruddy Mongoose (H. smithii) · Crab-eating Mongoose (H. urva) · Stripe-necked Mongoose (H. vitticollis)

Ichneumia

 

White-tailed Mongoose (I. albicauda)

Liberiictus

 

Liberian Mongoose (L. kuhni)

Mungos

 

Gambian Mongoose (M. gambianus) · Banded Mongoose (M. mungo)

Paracynictis

 

Selous' Mongoose (P. selousi)

Rhynchogale

 

Meller's Mongoose (R. melleri)

Suricata

 

Meerkat (S. suricatta)

Hyaenidae

(Hyenas)

Crocuta

 

Spotted Hyena (C. crocuta)

Hyaena

 

Brown Hyena (H. brunnea) · Striped Hyena (H. hyaena)

Proteles

 

Aardwolf (P. cristatus)

Felidae

Large family listed below

Viverridae

Large family listed below

Eupleridae

Small family listed below

[show]

 

Family Felidae

Felinae

Acinonyx

 

Cheetah (A. jubatus)

Caracal

 

Caracal (C. caracal)

Catopuma

 

Bay Cat (C. badia) · Asian Golden Cat (C. temminckii)

Felis

 

Chinese Mountain Cat (F. bieti) · Cat (F. catus) · Jungle Cat (F. chaus) · Pallas' Cat (F. manul) · Sand Cat (F. margarita) · Black-footed Cat (F. nigripes) · Wildcat (F. silvestris)

Leopardus

 

Pantanal Cat (L. braccatus) · Colocolo (L. colocolo) · Geoffroy's Cat (L. geoffroyi) · Kodkod (L. guigna) · Andean Mountain Cat (L. jacobitus) · Pampas Cat (L. pajeros) · Ocelot (L. pardalis) · Oncilla (L. tigrinus) · Margay (L. wiedii)

Leptailurus

 

Serval (L. serval)

Lynx

 

Canadian Lynx (L. canadensis) · Eurasian Lynx (L. lynx) · Iberian Lynx (L. pardinus) · Bobcat (L. rufus)

Pardofelis

 

Marbled Cat (P. marmorata)

Prionailurus

 

Leopard Cat (P. bengalensis) · Iriomote Cat (P. iriomotensis) · Flat-headed Cat (P. planiceps) · Rusty-spotted Cat (P. rubiginosus) · Fishing Cat (P. viverrinus)

Profelis

 

African Golden Cat (P. aurata)

Puma

 

Cougar (P. concolor) · Jaguarundi (P. yagouaroundi)

Pantherinae

Neofelis

 

Clouded Leopard (N. nebulosa) · Bornean Clouded Leopard (N. diardi)

Panthera

 

Lion (P. leo) · Jaguar (P. onca) · Leopard (P. pardus) · Tiger (P. tigris)

Uncia

 

Snow Leopard (U. uncia)

[show]

 

Family Viverridae (includes Civets)

Paradoxurinae

Arctictis

 

Binturong (A. binturong)

Arctogalidia

 

Small-toothed Palm Civet (A. trivirgata)

Macrogalidia

 

Sulawesi Palm Civet (M. musschenbroekii)

Paguma

 

Masked Palm Civet (P. larvata)

Paradoxurus

 

Asian Palm Civet (P. hermaphroditus) · Jerdon's Palm Civet (P. jerdoni) · Golden Palm Civet (P. zeylonensis)

Hemigalinae

Chrotogale

 

Owston's Palm Civet (C. owstoni)

Cynogale

 

Otter Civet (C. bennettii)

Diplogale

 

Hose's Palm Civet (D. hosei)

Hemigalus

 

Banded Palm Civet (H. derbyanus)

Prionodontinae

(Asiatic linsangs)

Prionodon

 

Banded Linsang (P. linsang) · Spotted Linsang (P. pardicolor)

Viverrinae

Civettictis

 

African Civet (C. civetta)

Genetta

(Genets)

 

Abyssinian Genet (G. abyssinica) · Angolan Genet (G. angolensis) · Bourlon's Genet (G. bourloni) · Crested Servaline Genet (G. cristata) · Common Genet (G. genetta) · Johnston's Genet (G. johnstoni) · Rusty-spotted Genet (G. maculata) · Pardine Genet (G. pardina) · Aquatic Genet (G. piscivora) · King Genet (G. poensis) · Servaline Genet (G. servalina) · Haussa Genet (G. thierryi) · Cape Genet (G. tigrina) · Giant Forest Genet (G. victoriae)

Poiana

 

Leighton's Linsang (P. leightoni) · African Linsang (P. richardsonii)

Viverra

 

Malabar Large-spotted Civet (V. civettina) · Large-spotted Civet (V. megaspila) · Malayan Civet (V. tangalunga) · Large Indian Civet (V. zibetha)

Viverricula

 

Small Indian Civet (V. indica)

[show]

 

Family Eupleridae

Euplerinae

Cryptoprocta

 

Fossa (C. ferox)

Eupleres

 

Falanouc (E. goudotii)

Fossa

 

Malagasy Civet (F. fossana)

Galidiinae

Galidia

 

Ring-tailed Mongoose (G. elegans)

Galidictis

 

Broad-striped Malagasy Mongoose (G. fasciata) · Grandidier's Mongoose (G. grandidieri)

Mungotictis

 

Narrow-striped Mongoose (M. decemlineata)

Salanoia

 

Brown-tailed Mongoose (S. concolor)

[show]

 

Suborder Caniformia (cont. below)

Ursidae

(Bears)

Ailuropoda

 

Giant Panda (A. melanoleuca)

Helarctos

 

Sun Bear (H. malayanus)

Melursus

 

Sloth Bear (M. ursinus)

Tremarctos

 

Spectacled Bear (T. ornatus)

Ursus

 

American Black Bear (U. americanus) · Brown Bear (U. arctos) · Grizzly Bear (U. arctos horribilis) · Polar bear (U. maritimus) · Asian Black Bear (U. thibetanus)

Mephitidae

(Skunks)

Conepatus

(Hog-nosed

skunks)

 

Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk (C. chinga) · Humboldt's Hog-nosed Skunk (C. humboldtii) · American Hog-nosed Skunk (C. leuconotus) · Striped Hog-nosed Skunk (C. semistriatus)

Mephitis

 

Hooded Skunk (M. macroura) · Striped Skunk (M. mephitis)

Mydaus

 

Sunda Stink Badger (M. javanensis) · Palawan Stink Badger (M. marchei)

Spilogale

(Spotted skunks)

 

Southern Spotted Skunk (S. angustifrons) · Western Spotted Skunk (S. gracilis) · Eastern Spotted Skunk (S. putorius) · Pygmy Spotted Skunk (S. pygmaea)

Procyonidae

Bassaricyon

(Olingos)

 

Allen's Olingo (B. alleni) · Beddard's Olingo (B. beddardi) · Bushy-tailed Olingo (B. gabbii) · Harris's Olingo (B. lasius) · Chiriqui Olingo (B. pauli)

Bassariscus

 

Ring-tailed Cat (B. astutus) · Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)

Nasua

(Coatis inclusive)

 

White-nosed Coati (N. narica) · South American Coati (N. nasua)

Nasuella

(Coatis inclusive)

 

Mountain Coati (N. olivacea)

Potos

 

Kinkajou (P. flavus)

Procyon

 

Crab-eating Raccoon (P. cancrivorus) · Raccoon (P. lotor) · Cozumel Raccoon (P. pygmaeus)

Ailuridae

Ailurus

 

Red Panda (A. fulgens)

[show]

 

Suborder Caniformia (cont. above)

Otariidae

(Eared seals)

(includes fur seals

and sea lions)

(Pinniped inclusive)

Arctocephalus

 

South American Fur Seal (A. australis) · Australasian Fur Seal (A. forsteri) · Galápagos Fur Seal (A. galapagoensis) · Antarctic Fur Seal (A. gazella) · Juan Fernández Fur Seal (A. philippii) · Brown Fur Seal (A. pusillus) · Guadalupe Fur Seal (A. townsendi) · Subantarctic Fur Seal (A. tropicalis)

Callorhinus

 

Northern Fur Seal (C. ursinus)

Eumetopias

 

Steller Sea Lion (E. jubatus)

Neophoca

 

Australian Sea Lion (N. cinerea)

Otaria

 

South American Sea Lion (O. flavescens)

Phocarctos

 

New Zealand Sea Lion (P. hookeri)

Zalophus

 

California Sea Lion (Z. californianus) · Galápagos Sea Lion (Z. wollebaeki)

Odobenidae

(Pinniped inclusive)

Odobenus

 

Walrus (O. rosmarus)

Phocidae

(Earless seals)

(Pinniped inclusive)

Cystophora

 

Hooded Seal (C. cristata)

Erignathus

 

Bearded Seal (E. barbatus)

Halichoerus

 

Gray Seal (H. grypus)

Histriophoca

 

Ribbon Seal (H. fasciata)

Hydrurga

 

Leopard Seal (H. leptonyx)

Leptonychotes

 

Weddell Seal (L. weddellii)

Lobodon

 

Crabeater Seal (L. carcinophagus)

Mirounga

(Elephant seals)

 

Northern Elephant Seal (M. angustirostris) · Southern Elephant Seal (M. leonina)

Monachus

 

Mediterranean Monk Seal (M. monachus) · Hawaiian Monk Seal (M. schauinslandi)

Ommatophoca

 

Ross Seal (O. rossi)

Pagophilus

 

Harp Seal (P. groenlandicus)

Phoca

 

Spotted Seal (P. largha) · Harbor Seal (P. vitulina)

Pusa

 

Caspian Seal (P. caspica) · Ringed Seal (P. hispida) · Baikal Seal (P. sibirica)

Canidae

Large family listed below

Mustelidae

Large family listed below

[show]

 

Family Canidae

Atelocynus

Short-eared Dog (A. microtis)

Canis

Side-striped Jackal (C. adustus) · Golden Jackal (C. aureus) · Coyote (C. latrans) · Gray Wolf (C. lupus) · Dog (C. lupus familiaris) · Black-backed Jackal (C. mesomelas) · Ethiopian Wolf (C. simensis)

Cerdocyon

Crab-eating Fox (C. thous)

Chrysocyon

Maned Wolf (C. brachyurus)

Cuon

Dhole (C. alpinus)

Lycalopex

Culpeo (L. culpaeus) · Darwin's Fox (L. fulvipes) · South American Gray Fox (L. griseus) · Pampas Fox (L. gymnocercus) · Sechuran Fox (L. sechurae) · Hoary Fox (L. vetulus)

Lycaon

African Wild Dog (L. pictus)

Nyctereutes

Raccoon Dog (N. procyonoides)

Otocyon

Bat-eared Fox (O. megalotis)

Speothos

Bush Dog (S. venaticus)

Urocyon

Gray Fox (U. cinereoargenteus) · Island Fox (U. littoralis)

Vulpes

Bengal Fox (V. bengalensis) · Blanford's Fox (V. cana) · Cape Fox (V. chama) · Corsac Fox (V. corsac) · Tibetan Sand Fox (V. ferrilata) · Arctic Fox (V. lagopus) · Kit Fox (V. macrotis) · Pale Fox (V. pallida) · Rüppell's Fox (V. rueppelli) · Swift Fox (V. velox) · Red Fox (V. vulpes) · Fennec Fox (V. zerda)

[hide]

 

Family Mustelidae

Lutrinae

(Otters)

Aonyx

 

African Clawless Otter (A. capensis) · Oriental Small-clawed Otter (A. cinerea)

Enhydra

 

Sea otter (E. lutris)

Hydrictis

 

Spotted-necked Otter (H. maculicollis)

Lontra

 

North American River Otter (L. canadensis) · Marine Otter (L. felina) · Neotropical Otter (L. longicaudis) · Southern River Otter (L. provocax)

Lutra

 

European Otter (L. lutra) · Hairy-nosed Otter (L. sumatrana)

Lutrogale

 

Smooth-coated Otter (L. perspicillata)

Pteronura

 

Giant Otter (P. brasiliensis)

Mustelinae

(including Badgers)

Arctonyx

 

Hog Badger (A. collaris)

Eira

 

Tayra (E. barbara)

Galictis

 

Lesser Grison (G. cuja) · Greater Grison (G. vittata)

Gulo

 

Wolverine (G. gulo)

Ictonyx

 

Saharan Striped Polecat (I. libyca) · Striped Polecat (I. striatus)

Lyncodon

 

Patagonian Weasel (L. patagonicus)

Martes

(Martens)

 

American Marten (M. americana) · Yellow-throated Marten (M. flavigula) · Beech Marten (M. foina) · Nilgiri Marten (M. gwatkinsii) · European Pine Marten (M. martes) · Japanese Marten (M. melampus) · Fisher (M. pennanti) · Sable (M. zibellina)

Meles

 

Japanese Badger (M. anakuma) · Asian Badger (M. leucurus) · European Badger (M. meles)

Mellivora

 

Honey Badger (M. capensis)

Melogale

(Ferret-badgers)

 

Bornean Ferret-badger (M. everetti) · Chinese Ferret-badger (M. moschata) · Javan Ferret-badger (M. orientalis) · Burmese Ferret-badger (M. personata)

Mustela

(Weasels)

 

Amazon Weasel (M. africana) · Mountain Weasel (M. altaica) · Ermine (M. erminea) · Steppe Polecat (M. eversmannii) · Colombian Weasel (M. felipei) · Long-tailed Weasel (M. frenata) · Japanese Weasel (M. itatsi) · Yellow-bellied Weasel (M. kathiah) · European Mink (M. lutreola) · Indonesian Mountain Weasel (M. lutreolina) · Black-footed Ferret (M. nigripes) · Least Weasel (M. nivalis) · Malayan Weasel (M. nudipes) · European Polecat (M. putorius) · Siberian Weasel (M. sibirica) · Back-striped Weasel (M. strigidorsa) · Egyptian Weasel (M. subpalmata)

Neovison

(Minks)

 

American Mink (N. vison)

Poecilogale

 

African Striped Weasel (P. albinucha)

Taxidea

 

American Badger (T. taxus)

Vormela

 

Marbled Polecat (V. peregusna)

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Categories: Badgers

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Now that's just gay.

[wero-vasto]

*copy and pastes Wiki page about Badgers*

 

 

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Badger

From Wikipedia' date=' the free encyclopedia

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For other uses, see Badger (disambiguation).

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (June 2010)

Badger

American badger

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Mustelidae

Subfamily: Melinae

Mellivorinae

Taxidiinae

Genera

 

Arctonyx

Melogale

Meles

Mellivora

Taxidea

 

Badgers, occasionally referred to as brocks, are short-legged, heavy-set omnivores in the weasel biological family, Mustelidae. There are eight species of badger, in three subfamilies (see links in species list below): Melinae (badgers of Europe and Asia), Mellivorinae (the Ratel or honey badger), and Taxideinae (the American badger). The Asiatic stink badgers of the genus Mydaus were formerly included in the Melinae and Mustelidae, but recent genetic evidence[citation needed'] indicates that these are actually members of the skunk family, placing them in the taxonomic family Mephitidae.

 

Badgers include the species in the genera Meles, Arctonyx, Taxidea and Mellivora species. Their lower jaw is articulated to the upper by means of a transverse condyle firmly locked into a long cavity of the cranium, so that dislocation of the jaw is all but impossible. This enables the badger to maintain its hold with the utmost tenacity, but limits its jaw movement to hinging open and shut, or sliding from side to side without the twisting movement possible for the jaws of most mammals.

Contents

[hide]

 

* 1 Etymology

* 2 Classification

* 3 Distribution

* 4 Behavior

* 5 Diet

* 6 Badgers and humans

o 6.1 As food

o 6.2 Commercial use

* 7 In popular culture

* 8 Notes

* 9 External links

 

[edit] Etymology

 

The word badger originally applied to the European Badger (Meles meles). Its derivation is uncertain. It possibly comes from the French word blaireau: "corn-hoarder", or from the French word bêcheur (digger), introduced during William the Conqueror's reign.[1][not in citation given] The Oxford English Dictionary, however, states that the most likely derivation is from badge + -ard, referring to the white mark borne like a badge on its forehead.[2] It is possibly related to the Romanian viezure ("badger"), a word of uncertain etymology, believed to be inherited from Dacian/Thracian and related to the Albanian vjedhullë ("badger", "thief") and vjeth ("to steal"), and the Slavic jazvrŭ ("hedgehog"; cf. Serbian javazac "badger").[3][4][not in citation given] The less common name brock (Old English: brocc), (Scots: brock) is a Celtic loanword (cf. Gaelic broc and Welsh broch, from Proto-Celtic *brokko) meaning grey.[2] The Proto-Germanic term was *þahsu- (cf. German Dachs, Dutch das, Norwegian svin-toks; Early Modern English: dasse), probably from the PIE root *tek'- "to construct," so that the badger would have been named after its digging of setts (tunnels).

 

A male badger is a boar, a female a sow and a young badger is a cub. A collective name suggested for a group of badgers is a cete,[5] but badger colonies are more often called clans.[citation needed] Badger dens are called setts.

[edit] Classification

American badger.

 

The following list shows where the various badger species are placed in the Mustelidae classification.

 

* Family Mustelidae

o Subfamily Melinae

+ Genus Arctonyx

# Hog Badger, Arctonyx collaris

# Arctonyx albogularis[6]

# Arctonyx hoevenii[6]

+ Genus †Enhydritherium

# Giant Florida Sea Otter, Enhydritherium terraenovae[7]

+ Genus †Satherium

# Satherium piscinarium (Hagerman's Otter)

+ Genus Melogale

# Burmese Ferret-badger, Melogale personata

# Javan Ferret-badger, Melogale orientalis

# Chinese Ferret-badger, Melogale moschata

# Bornean Ferret-badger, Melogale everetti

+ Genus Meles

# Japanese Badger, Meles anakuma

# Asian Badger, Meles leucurus

# European Badger, Meles meles

o Subfamily Mellivorinae

+ Honey Badger or Ratel, Mellivora capensis

o Subfamily Taxideinae:

+ †Chamitataxus avitus

+ †Pliotaxidea nevadensis

+ †Pliotaxidea garberi

+ American Badger, Taxidea taxus

o Subfamily Mustelinae

+ Includes: weasels, martens, polecats and allies

* Family Mephitidae

o Genus Mydaus

+ Indonesian or Sunda Stink Badger (Teledu), Mydaus javanensis

+ Palawan Stink Badger, Mydaus marchei

 

[edit] Distribution

 

Badgers are found in much of North America, Ireland, and Great Britain[8] and most of Europe as far as southern Scandinavia.[9]

[edit] Behavior

 

The behavior of badgers differs by family, but all shelter underground, living in burrows called setts which may be very extensive. Some are solitary, moving from home to home, while others are known to form clans. Clan size is variable from 2 to 15. Badgers can be fierce animals and will protect themselves and their young at all costs. Badgers are capable of fighting off much larger animals such as wolves and bears. Badgers can run or gallop at up to 25–30 kilometres per hour (16–19 mph) for short periods of time.

 

North American Badgers (Taxidea taxus) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) have been seen hunting together, in a cooperative fashion.[10]

[edit] Diet

 

The diet of the Eurasian badger consists largely of earthworms, insects, and grubs. They also eat small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and birds as well as roots and fruit.[11][12] The honey badger of Africa consumes honey, porcupines and even venomous snakes (such as the puff adder). They will climb trees to gain access to honey from bees' nests. American Badgers are fossorial carnivores. Unlike many carnivores that stalk their prey in open country, badgers catch most of their food by digging. They can tunnel after ground-dwelling rodents with amazing speed. They have been known to cache food.

 

In North America, coyotes sometimes eat badgers and vice versa, but the majority of their interactions seem to be mutual or neutral.[13] Badgers have been known to become intoxicated with alcohol after eating rotting fruit.[14]

[edit] Badgers and humans

Eurasian badger.

For more details on badgers and bovine tuberculosis, see Eurasian badger.

 

Hunting badgers is common in many countries. Manipulating the badger population is prohibited in many European countries as badgers are listed in the Berne Convention, but they are not otherwise the subject of any international treaty or legislation.

 

The blood sport of badger-baiting was outlawed in the United Kingdom by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835 as well as the Protection of Badgers Act 1992 which makes it a serious offence to kill, injure or take a badger, or to damage or interfere with a sett unless a licence is obtained from a statutory authority. An exemption that allowed fox hunters to loosely block setts to prevent chased foxes escaping into them was brought to an end with the passage of the Hunting Act 2004.

 

Many badgers in Europe were gassed[citation needed] during the 1960s and 1970s to control rabies. Until the 1980s, gassing was also practised in the UK to control the spread of bovine TB.

 

The dachshund dog breed has a history with badgers; "dachs" is the German word for badger, and dachshunds were originally bred to be badger hounds.[15]

[edit] As food

 

Although rarely eaten today in the United States or the United Kingdom,[16] badger was once one of the main meat sources in the diets of Native Americans and white colonists.[17][18][19][20][21] Badgers were also eaten in Britain during World War II and the 1950s.[18]

 

In Russia, the consumption of badger meat is still widespread.[22] Badger, along with dog and pork, shish kebabs are cited as a major source of trichinellosis outbreaks in the Altai region of Russia.[22] Consumption of badger meat also occurs in other European countries such as Croatia, where it is used in a variation of the traditional dish of goulash.[23] In contrast to Russia, there are no reports of trichinellosis related to the consumption of badger meat. This is credited to adequate preparation of the meat and good thermal processing of it.[21]

 

In France, badger meat was used in the preparation of several dishes, such as Blarieur au sang and it was a relatively common ingredient in countryside cuisine.[24] Badger meat was eaten in some parts of Spain until recently as well.[25]

 

Badger remains a source of food in China, and the meat is freely available in market places.[26][27] Other Asian countries also have traditions of consuming badger meat. In Japan, it is mentioned in folktales where it is regarded as a food for the humble.[28]

[edit] Commercial use

 

Today badgers are commercially raised for their hair, which is harvested to make shaving brushes. Virtually all commercial badger hair comes from mainland China,[citation needed] which supplies knots of hair in three grades to brush makers in both China and Europe. In rural Northern China, badgers multiply to the point of becoming a crop nuisance, and village cooperatives are licensed by the national government to hunt badgers and process their hair. The hair is also used for paint brushes, and was used as a trim on Native American garments.[29] It has been used in some instances as doll hair.[citation needed]

[edit] In popular culture

Badger, Rat, Mole, and Toad from The Wind in the Willows.

 

Badgers are popular in English fiction. Badger characters are featured in author Brian Jacques' Redwall series, most often falling under the title of Badger Lord or Badger Mother, and the 19th century poem "The Badger" by John Clare describes a badger hunt and badger-baiting. The character Frances in Russell Hoban's children's books is a badger. A badger god is featured in The Immortals by Tamora Pierce and "The Badger" is a comic book hero created by Mike Baron.

 

Many other stories featuring badgers as characters include Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Mr. Tod (Tommy Brock), the Rupert Bear adventures by Mary Tourtel, Prince Caspian (Trufflehunter) by C. S. Lewis, Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows, T. H. White's The Once and Future King and The Book of Merlyn, Fantastic Mr. Fox by Roald Dahl, Colin Dann's The Animals of Farthing Wood and Erin Hunter's – Warriors.

 

Badgers are also featured in films and animations: a flash video of The Badger Song shows a group doing calisthenics, while In Pokémon, Typhlosion and Linoone are based on badgers. Walt Disney's 1973 film Robin Hood, depicts the character of Friar Tuck by a badger.

 

In folklore, the badger in Japan is a wild creature that sometimes appears as a mischievous being.[30] In Europe, Badgers were originally used to predict the length of winter,[31] and the badger is the state animal of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.[32] The badger is also the mascot of the University of Wisconsin's athletic teams. In 2007 suggestions that British forces released man-eating badgers near Basra, Iraq, to kill terrorists were refuted.[33].[34]

[edit] Notes

 

1. ^ BBC Natural World, 2008, Badgers: Secrets of the Sett

2. ^ a b Weiner, E. S. C.; Simpson, J. R. (1989). The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2. Online at http://dictionary.oed.com (subscription required).

3. ^ Sorin Mihai Olteanu, The Thracian Palatal (Accessed: April 3rd, 2010).

4. ^ The Romanian Etymological Dictionary. Online at Dexonline.ro

5. ^ Hints and Things: collective nouns Retgrieved 28 June 2010

6. ^ a b "The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)". Blackwell Publishing. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/zoj/2008/00000154/00000002/art00006.

7. ^ Berta, A. & Morgan, G.S. (1985). A new sea otter (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene (Hemphillian) of North America. J. Paleontology, 59: 809-819.

8. ^ Sleeman,D.P. Davenport, J., Cussen.R.E. and Hammond, R.F. 2009. The small-bodied adgers (Meles meles (L.) of Rutland Island, Co. Donegal. Ir. Nat. J. 30: 1 - 6

9. ^ Brink van den, F.H. 1967. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Britain and Europe. Collins, London

10. ^ Cahalane VH (1950) Badger-coyote "partnerships." Journal of Mammalogy 31: 354-355

11. ^ "Badger Ecology: diet". Woodchester Park Badger Research. Central Science Laboratory. http://www.badgerecology.org/BEdiet.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

12. ^ "Diet of the Eurasian badger". Badgerecology.org. http://www.badgerecology.org/BEdiet.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

13. ^ Kiliaan HPL, Mamo C, Paquet PC (1991) A Coyote, Canis latrans, and Badger, Taxidea taxus, interaction near Cypress Hills Provincial Park, Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 105: 122-12

14. ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i9a013U8U1EbEBcrlAf0115R6doQ

15. ^ "Dachshund, Dachshunds, Wiener Dog, little hot dog, hotdog dog". Dog Breed Info Center. http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/dachshund.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

16. ^ "Wonderland: The Man Who Eats Badgers and Other Strange Tales - TV pick of the day for January 23rd, 2008". Library.digiguide.com. http://library.digiguide.com/lib/uk-tv-highlight/Wonderland:+The+Man+Who+Eats+Badgers+and+Other+Strange+Tales-2425/Documentary/. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

17. ^ "Primary Source documents". Bcheritage.ca. http://www.bcheritage.ca/cariboo/primary/mcmick.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

18. ^ a b "How To Bake A Badger". Globalchefs.com. http://web.archive.org/web/20070715183303/http://www.globalchefs.com/article/current/art123bak.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-07.

19. ^ "Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2004)". Trichinella.org. http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

20. ^ "MESO: The first Croatian meat journal, Vol.VII No.1 February 2005". Hrcak. 1 February 2005. http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=35552&lang=en. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

21. ^ a b "http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf" (PDF). http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf.

22. ^ a b "Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2005) - Russia". www.trichinella.org. http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

23. ^ "Sweet delicacy from hunter's kitchen - badger (Melles melles L.) Abstract". Portal of scientific journals of Croatia. http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=35552&lang=en. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

24. ^ Molinier, Annie ; Molinier, Jean-Claude; d'Hauterives, Benoît Lumeau. (2004). Les cuisines oubliées. Illinois: Editions Sud Ouest. ISBN 978-2879015491. Parts of it online at http://www.gastronomydomine.com/2006/06/badger-stew.html.

25. ^ "Badgers in Spain". IberiaNature. http://www.iberianature.com/mammals/other-carnivores/badgers-in-spain/. Retrieved 2008-11-25.

26. ^ English Shaving Shop. "The Olde English Shaving Shop - The English Badger is a protected species". Englishshavingshop.com. http://www.englishshavingshop.com/shopcontent.asp?type=protected. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

27. ^ "Bristle Types and Bloom". Emsplace.com. http://www.emsplace.com/bristle_types_and_bloom.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

28. ^ Radin, Paul. (1946). Folktales of Japan as Told in California - The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 59, No. 233 (Jul. - Sep., 1946), pp. 289-308. Illinois: University of Illinois Press on behalf of American Folklore Society. Online at http://www.jstor.org/pss/536252 (subscription required).

29. ^ "ADW: Taxidea taxus: Information". Animal Diversity Web. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Taxidea_taxus.html. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

30. ^ Jeremy Roberts: Japanese Mythology A to Z, 2nd edition, 2010. ISBN 978-1-60413-435-3.

31. ^ Yoder, Don, Groundhog Day. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003 ISBN 0-8117-0029-1

32. ^ http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/mammal/badger.htm

33. ^ "British blamed for Basra badgers". BBC News. 12 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6295138.stm. Retrieved 2007-07-12.

34. ^ Carney, Mike (12 July 2007). "Brits 'deny' releasing 'giant man-eating' badgers that target Iraqis". USA Today. http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/07/brits-deny-rele.html. Retrieved 2007-07-12.

 

[edit] External links

Search Wikispecies Wikispecies has information related to: melinae

Search Wikisource Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Badger.

 

* Badgerland - The Definitive On-Line Guide to Badgers in the UK

* WildlifeOnline - Natural History of Badgers

* Badger Facts

 

[show]

v • d • e

Extant Carnivora species

Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Infraclass: Eutheria · Superorder: Laurasiatheria

[show]

 

Suborder Feliformia

Nandiniidae

Nandinia

 

African Palm Civet (N. binotata)

Herpestidae

(Mongooses)

Atilax

 

Marsh Mongoose (A. paludinosus)

Bdeogale

 

Bushy-tailed Mongoose (B. crassicauda) · Jackson's Mongoose (B. jacksoni) · Black-footed Mongoose (B. nigripes)

Crossarchus

 

Alexander's Kusimanse (C. alexandri) · Angolan Kusimanse (C. ansorgei) · Common Kusimanse (C. obscurus) · Flat-headed Kusimanse (C. platycephalus)

Cynictis

 

Yellow Mongoose (C. penicillata)

Dologale

 

Pousargues's Mongoose (D. dybowskii)

Galerella

 

Angolan Slender Mongoose (G. flavescens) · Somalian Slender Mongoose (G. ochracea) · Cape Gray Mongoose (G. pulverulenta) · Slender Mongoose (G. sanguinea)

Helogale

 

Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose (H. hirtula) · Common Dwarf Mongoose (H. parvula)

Herpestes

 

Short-tailed Mongoose (H. brachyurus) · Indian Gray Mongoose (H. edwardsii) · Indian Brown Mongoose (H. fuscus) · Egyptian Mongoose (H. ichneumon) · Small Asian Mongoose (H. javanicus) · Long-nosed Mongoose (H. naso) · Collared Mongoose (H. semitorquatus) · Ruddy Mongoose (H. smithii) · Crab-eating Mongoose (H. urva) · Stripe-necked Mongoose (H. vitticollis)

Ichneumia

 

White-tailed Mongoose (I. albicauda)

Liberiictus

 

Liberian Mongoose (L. kuhni)

Mungos

 

Gambian Mongoose (M. gambianus) · Banded Mongoose (M. mungo)

Paracynictis

 

Selous' Mongoose (P. selousi)

Rhynchogale

 

Meller's Mongoose (R. melleri)

Suricata

 

Meerkat (S. suricatta)

Hyaenidae

(Hyenas)

Crocuta

 

Spotted Hyena (C. crocuta)

Hyaena

 

Brown Hyena (H. brunnea) · Striped Hyena (H. hyaena)

Proteles

 

Aardwolf (P. cristatus)

Felidae

Large family listed below

Viverridae

Large family listed below

Eupleridae

Small family listed below

[show]

 

Family Felidae

Felinae

Acinonyx

 

Cheetah (A. jubatus)

Caracal

 

Caracal (C. caracal)

Catopuma

 

Bay Cat (C. badia) · Asian Golden Cat (C. temminckii)

Felis

 

Chinese Mountain Cat (F. bieti) · Cat (F. catus) · Jungle Cat (F. chaus) · Pallas' Cat (F. manul) · Sand Cat (F. margarita) · Black-footed Cat (F. nigripes) · Wildcat (F. silvestris)

Leopardus

 

Pantanal Cat (L. braccatus) · Colocolo (L. colocolo) · Geoffroy's Cat (L. geoffroyi) · Kodkod (L. guigna) · Andean Mountain Cat (L. jacobitus) · Pampas Cat (L. pajeros) · Ocelot (L. pardalis) · Oncilla (L. tigrinus) · Margay (L. wiedii)

Leptailurus

 

Serval (L. serval)

Lynx

 

Canadian Lynx (L. canadensis) · Eurasian Lynx (L. lynx) · Iberian Lynx (L. pardinus) · Bobcat (L. rufus)

Pardofelis

 

Marbled Cat (P. marmorata)

Prionailurus

 

Leopard Cat (P. bengalensis) · Iriomote Cat (P. iriomotensis) · Flat-headed Cat (P. planiceps) · Rusty-spotted Cat (P. rubiginosus) · Fishing Cat (P. viverrinus)

Profelis

 

African Golden Cat (P. aurata)

Puma

 

Cougar (P. concolor) · Jaguarundi (P. yagouaroundi)

Pantherinae

Neofelis

 

Clouded Leopard (N. nebulosa) · Bornean Clouded Leopard (N. diardi)

Panthera

 

Lion (P. leo) · Jaguar (P. onca) · Leopard (P. pardus) · Tiger (P. tigris)

Uncia

 

Snow Leopard (U. uncia)

[show]

 

Family Viverridae (includes Civets)

Paradoxurinae

Arctictis

 

Binturong (A. binturong)

Arctogalidia

 

Small-toothed Palm Civet (A. trivirgata)

Macrogalidia

 

Sulawesi Palm Civet (M. musschenbroekii)

Paguma

 

Masked Palm Civet (P. larvata)

Paradoxurus

 

Asian Palm Civet (P. hermaphroditus) · Jerdon's Palm Civet (P. jerdoni) · Golden Palm Civet (P. zeylonensis)

Hemigalinae

Chrotogale

 

Owston's Palm Civet (C. owstoni)

Cynogale

 

Otter Civet (C. bennettii)

Diplogale

 

Hose's Palm Civet (D. hosei)

Hemigalus

 

Banded Palm Civet (H. derbyanus)

Prionodontinae

(Asiatic linsangs)

Prionodon

 

Banded Linsang (P. linsang) · Spotted Linsang (P. pardicolor)

Viverrinae

Civettictis

 

African Civet (C. civetta)

Genetta

(Genets)

 

Abyssinian Genet (G. abyssinica) · Angolan Genet (G. angolensis) · Bourlon's Genet (G. bourloni) · Crested Servaline Genet (G. cristata) · Common Genet (G. genetta) · Johnston's Genet (G. johnstoni) · Rusty-spotted Genet (G. maculata) · Pardine Genet (G. pardina) · Aquatic Genet (G. piscivora) · King Genet (G. poensis) · Servaline Genet (G. servalina) · Haussa Genet (G. thierryi) · Cape Genet (G. tigrina) · Giant Forest Genet (G. victoriae)

Poiana

 

Leighton's Linsang (P. leightoni) · African Linsang (P. richardsonii)

Viverra

 

Malabar Large-spotted Civet (V. civettina) · Large-spotted Civet (V. megaspila) · Malayan Civet (V. tangalunga) · Large Indian Civet (V. zibetha)

Viverricula

 

Small Indian Civet (V. indica)

[show]

 

Family Eupleridae

Euplerinae

Cryptoprocta

 

Fossa (C. ferox)

Eupleres

 

Falanouc (E. goudotii)

Fossa

 

Malagasy Civet (F. fossana)

Galidiinae

Galidia

 

Ring-tailed Mongoose (G. elegans)

Galidictis

 

Broad-striped Malagasy Mongoose (G. fasciata) · Grandidier's Mongoose (G. grandidieri)

Mungotictis

 

Narrow-striped Mongoose (M. decemlineata)

Salanoia

 

Brown-tailed Mongoose (S. concolor)

[show]

 

Suborder Caniformia (cont. below)

Ursidae

(Bears)

Ailuropoda

 

Giant Panda (A. melanoleuca)

Helarctos

 

Sun Bear (H. malayanus)

Melursus

 

Sloth Bear (M. ursinus)

Tremarctos

 

Spectacled Bear (T. ornatus)

Ursus

 

American Black Bear (U. americanus) · Brown Bear (U. arctos) · Grizzly Bear (U. arctos horribilis) · Polar bear (U. maritimus) · Asian Black Bear (U. thibetanus)

Mephitidae

(Skunks)

Conepatus

(Hog-nosed

skunks)

 

Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk (C. chinga) · Humboldt's Hog-nosed Skunk (C. humboldtii) · American Hog-nosed Skunk (C. leuconotus) · Striped Hog-nosed Skunk (C. semistriatus)

Mephitis

 

Hooded Skunk (M. macroura) · Striped Skunk (M. mephitis)

Mydaus

 

Sunda Stink Badger (M. javanensis) · Palawan Stink Badger (M. marchei)

Spilogale

(Spotted skunks)

 

Southern Spotted Skunk (S. angustifrons) · Western Spotted Skunk (S. gracilis) · Eastern Spotted Skunk (S. putorius) · Pygmy Spotted Skunk (S. pygmaea)

Procyonidae

Bassaricyon

(Olingos)

 

Allen's Olingo (B. alleni) · Beddard's Olingo (B. beddardi) · Bushy-tailed Olingo (B. gabbii) · Harris's Olingo (B. lasius) · Chiriqui Olingo (B. pauli)

Bassariscus

 

Ring-tailed Cat (B. astutus) · Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)

Nasua

(Coatis inclusive)

 

White-nosed Coati (N. narica) · South American Coati (N. nasua)

Nasuella

(Coatis inclusive)

 

Mountain Coati (N. olivacea)

Potos

 

Kinkajou (P. flavus)

Procyon

 

Crab-eating Raccoon (P. cancrivorus) · Raccoon (P. lotor) · Cozumel Raccoon (P. pygmaeus)

Ailuridae

Ailurus

 

Red Panda (A. fulgens)

[show]

 

Suborder Caniformia (cont. above)

Otariidae

(Eared seals)

(includes fur seals

and sea lions)

(Pinniped inclusive)

Arctocephalus

 

South American Fur Seal (A. australis) · Australasian Fur Seal (A. forsteri) · Galápagos Fur Seal (A. galapagoensis) · Antarctic Fur Seal (A. gazella) · Juan Fernández Fur Seal (A. philippii) · Brown Fur Seal (A. pusillus) · Guadalupe Fur Seal (A. townsendi) · Subantarctic Fur Seal (A. tropicalis)

Callorhinus

 

Northern Fur Seal (C. ursinus)

Eumetopias

 

Steller Sea Lion (E. jubatus)

Neophoca

 

Australian Sea Lion (N. cinerea)

Otaria

 

South American Sea Lion (O. flavescens)

Phocarctos

 

New Zealand Sea Lion (P. hookeri)

Zalophus

 

California Sea Lion (Z. californianus) · Galápagos Sea Lion (Z. wollebaeki)

Odobenidae

(Pinniped inclusive)

Odobenus

 

Walrus (O. rosmarus)

Phocidae

(Earless seals)

(Pinniped inclusive)

Cystophora

 

Hooded Seal (C. cristata)

Erignathus

 

Bearded Seal (E. barbatus)

Halichoerus

 

Gray Seal (H. grypus)

Histriophoca

 

Ribbon Seal (H. fasciata)

Hydrurga

 

Leopard Seal (H. leptonyx)

Leptonychotes

 

Weddell Seal (L. weddellii)

Lobodon

 

Crabeater Seal (L. carcinophagus)

Mirounga

(Elephant seals)

 

Northern Elephant Seal (M. angustirostris) · Southern Elephant Seal (M. leonina)

Monachus

 

Mediterranean Monk Seal (M. monachus) · Hawaiian Monk Seal (M. schauinslandi)

Ommatophoca

 

Ross Seal (O. rossi)

Pagophilus

 

Harp Seal (P. groenlandicus)

Phoca

 

Spotted Seal (P. largha) · Harbor Seal (P. vitulina)

Pusa

 

Caspian Seal (P. caspica) · Ringed Seal (P. hispida) · Baikal Seal (P. sibirica)

Canidae

Large family listed below

Mustelidae

Large family listed below

[show]

 

Family Canidae

Atelocynus

Short-eared Dog (A. microtis)

Canis

Side-striped Jackal (C. adustus) · Golden Jackal (C. aureus) · Coyote (C. latrans) · Gray Wolf (C. lupus) · Dog (C. lupus familiaris) · Black-backed Jackal (C. mesomelas) · Ethiopian Wolf (C. simensis)

Cerdocyon

Crab-eating Fox (C. thous)

Chrysocyon

Maned Wolf (C. brachyurus)

Cuon

Dhole (C. alpinus)

Lycalopex

Culpeo (L. culpaeus) · Darwin's Fox (L. fulvipes) · South American Gray Fox (L. griseus) · Pampas Fox (L. gymnocercus) · Sechuran Fox (L. sechurae) · Hoary Fox (L. vetulus)

Lycaon

African Wild Dog (L. pictus)

Nyctereutes

Raccoon Dog (N. procyonoides)

Otocyon

Bat-eared Fox (O. megalotis)

Speothos

Bush Dog (S. venaticus)

Urocyon

Gray Fox (U. cinereoargenteus) · Island Fox (U. littoralis)

Vulpes

Bengal Fox (V. bengalensis) · Blanford's Fox (V. cana) · Cape Fox (V. chama) · Corsac Fox (V. corsac) · Tibetan Sand Fox (V. ferrilata) · Arctic Fox (V. lagopus) · Kit Fox (V. macrotis) · Pale Fox (V. pallida) · Rüppell's Fox (V. rueppelli) · Swift Fox (V. velox) · Red Fox (V. vulpes) · Fennec Fox (V. zerda)

[hide]

 

Family Mustelidae

Lutrinae

(Otters)

Aonyx

 

African Clawless Otter (A. capensis) · Oriental Small-clawed Otter (A. cinerea)

Enhydra

 

Sea otter (E. lutris)

Hydrictis

 

Spotted-necked Otter (H. maculicollis)

Lontra

 

North American River Otter (L. canadensis) · Marine Otter (L. felina) · Neotropical Otter (L. longicaudis) · Southern River Otter (L. provocax)

Lutra

 

European Otter (L. lutra) · Hairy-nosed Otter (L. sumatrana)

Lutrogale

 

Smooth-coated Otter (L. perspicillata)

Pteronura

 

Giant Otter (P. brasiliensis)

Mustelinae

(including Badgers)

Arctonyx

 

Hog Badger (A. collaris)

Eira

 

Tayra (E. barbara)

Galictis

 

Lesser Grison (G. cuja) · Greater Grison (G. vittata)

Gulo

 

Wolverine (G. gulo)

Ictonyx

 

Saharan Striped Polecat (I. libyca) · Striped Polecat (I. striatus)

Lyncodon

 

Patagonian Weasel (L. patagonicus)

Martes

(Martens)

 

American Marten (M. americana) · Yellow-throated Marten (M. flavigula) · Beech Marten (M. foina) · Nilgiri Marten (M. gwatkinsii) · European Pine Marten (M. martes) · Japanese Marten (M. melampus) · Fisher (M. pennanti) · Sable (M. zibellina)

Meles

 

Japanese Badger (M. anakuma) · Asian Badger (M. leucurus) · European Badger (M. meles)

Mellivora

 

Honey Badger (M. capensis)

Melogale

(Ferret-badgers)

 

Bornean Ferret-badger (M. everetti) · Chinese Ferret-badger (M. moschata) · Javan Ferret-badger (M. orientalis) · Burmese Ferret-badger (M. personata)

Mustela

(Weasels)

 

Amazon Weasel (M. africana) · Mountain Weasel (M. altaica) · Ermine (M. erminea) · Steppe Polecat (M. eversmannii) · Colombian Weasel (M. felipei) · Long-tailed Weasel (M. frenata) · Japanese Weasel (M. itatsi) · Yellow-bellied Weasel (M. kathiah) · European Mink (M. lutreola) · Indonesian Mountain Weasel (M. lutreolina) · Black-footed Ferret (M. nigripes) · Least Weasel (M. nivalis) · Malayan Weasel (M. nudipes) · European Polecat (M. putorius) · Siberian Weasel (M. sibirica) · Back-striped Weasel (M. strigidorsa) · Egyptian Weasel (M. subpalmata)

Neovison

(Minks)

 

American Mink (N. vison)

Poecilogale

 

African Striped Weasel (P. albinucha)

Taxidea

 

American Badger (T. taxus)

Vormela

 

Marbled Polecat (V. peregusna)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badger"

Categories: Badgers

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アナグマ

出典：フリー百科事典

移動：ナビゲーション、検索

その他の用法について）アナグマ（曖昧さ回避を参照してください。

この記事はウィキペディアの品質基準を満たすためにクリーンアップを必要とする場合があります。してくださいこの記事をすることができますが向上します。 （2010年6月）

アナグマ

アメリカアナグマ

科学の分類

イギリス：動物界

門：脊索動物門

クラス：哺乳

目：Carnivora

家族：イタチ科

科：アナグマ亜科

Mellivorinae

Taxidiinae

属

 

Arctonyx

インドイタチアナグマ

メレス

Mellivora

Taxidea

 

バッジャーズは、時折にブロックスとして、短足さイタチ生物学的家族の中で、イタチ科、重セット雑食を参照。 3つの亜科のアナグマの8種は、（種のリンクを参照して以下のリスト）：アナグマ亜科（ヨーロッパとアジアのアナグマ）、Mellivorinae（ラテルや蜂蜜アナグマ）、およびTaxideinae（アメリカアナグマ）。アジアは、以前はアナグマ亜科とイタチ科に含まれていたが、属Mydausのアナグマを悪臭最近の遺伝学的証拠の[編集]は、これらが実際にスカンクの家族のメンバー、分類家族Mephitidaeにそれらを置いていることを示しますが必要。

 

バッジャーズは属メレス、Arctonyx、TaxideaとMellivora種の種を含んでいる。その下顎が上に横顆によるしっかりと頭蓋の長い空洞にロックされてように、顎の脱臼は、関節がほとんど不可能です。これは、最大限の粘り強さとのホールドを維持するために、アナグマを可能にするが、その顎運動を制限するほとんどの哺乳類の顎のねじれの動きが可能せず、オープンでシャットダウン、または左右にスライディングヒンジングする。

中身

[は]を非表示

 

* 1語源

* 2分類

* 3分布

* 4動作

* 5国会

* 6バッジャーズと人間

食品としてオ6.1

オ6.2商業的な使用

* 7大衆文化に

* 8ノート

* 9外部リンク

 

[は]語源を編集する

 

単語のアナグマはもともとアナグマ（適用アナグマ）。その由来は不明である。これは、おそらくフランス語のblaireauから来ている："トウモロコシため込んでいる人"、またはフランス語のbêcheur（掘りから）を、ウィリアム中に導入征服の治世。[1] [ではない編集オックスフォード英語辞典は与えられたが、状態は、ほとんどの導出がバッジ+ =アードから、白いマークは、額にバッジのような負担を参照している[2それはおそらく、ルーマニアviezureに関連して]（"アナグマ"）、不確実な語源の言葉、と考えられてダシャン/トラキアから継承されますとアルバニアvjedhullë（"アナグマ"、"泥棒"）とvjeth（"盗む"）に関連すると、スラブjazvrŭ（"ハリネズミ";誌。javazac"アナグマセルビア"）[3]。編集しないで[4] [は以下の一般的な名前7214（旧英語：brocc）、（スコットランド：7214）]で与えケルト祖語ケルト借用語（cf.のGaelicブロとウェールズ円塔、* brokko）灰色を意味する。 2]は、ゲルマン祖語用語* þahsu（cf.のドイツダックス、オランダダス、ノルウェーsvin - toksていた。近世英語は：ダッセ）、おそらくPIEのルートから* tek'は"、"構築するようにアナグマセッツ（トンネルその掘削後）という名前されていると思います。

 

男性アナグマはイノシシと、種をまく若いアナグマはカブです女性です。集団の名前はアナグマ群の推奨群れ、[5]がより頻繁に氏族というアナグマの植民地はは。[編集】バッジャーの隠れ家を必要とセッツ呼ばれています。

[は]分類を編集する

アメリカアナグマ。

 

次のリストはどこに様々なアナグマの種はイタチ科の分類に配置を示しています。

 

*ファミリーイタチ科

オ科アナグマ亜科

+属Arctonyx

＃ホッグバッジャー、Arctonyxのイワヒバリ

＃Arctonyx albogularisは[6]

＃Arctonyx hoevenii [6]

+は†Enhydritheriumを属

＃巨大フロリダラッコは、Enhydritheriumのterraenovaeは[7]

+は†Satheriumを属

＃Satheriumのpiscinarium（ハガーマンのオッター）

+はインドイタチアナグマ属

＃ビルマフェレット-アナグマ、インドイタチアナグマ

＃ジャワフェレット-アナグマ、インドイタチアナグマ東洋

＃中国人フェレット-アナグマ、インドイタチアナグマmoschata

＃ボルネオフェレット-アナグマ、インドイタチアナグマeveretti

+属メレス

＃日本のアナグマ、メレスのanakuma

＃アジアバッジャー、メレスのleucurus

＃アナグマは、メレスメレス

オ科Mellivorinae

+ラーテルやラテル、Mellivoraのcapensis

オ科Taxideinae：

+†Chamitataxusのavitus

+†Pliotaxideaのnevadensis

+†Pliotaxidea garberi

+アメリカアナグマ、アメリカアナグマ

オ亜イタチ亜科

+含まれるもの：イタチ、テン、ザロカッツと同盟

*ファミリーMephitidae

オ属Mydaus

+インドネシアやスンダスティンクバッジャー（マレーアナグマ）、マレーアナグマ

+パラワンスティンクアナグマ、Mydaus marchei

 

[は]の配布を編集

 

バッジャーズは北アメリカ、アイルランド、英国[の多くに見られる[8]やヨーロッパのほとんどの限り南部スカンジナビア[9]。

[は]の動作を編集する

 

アナグマの動作は家族によって異なりますが、すべての避難所の地下、穴は非常に広範な可能性がありますセッツと呼ば住んでいる。他の氏族を形成することが知られている間いくつかの孤立、自宅に移動、です。クランのサイズは変数2から15日までです。バッジャーズは激しい動物とすることができます若いすべてのコストで自分自身を保護します。バッジャーズはオオカミやクマなどのはるかに大きい動物を撃退が可能です。バッジャーズを実行したり、最大25-30時速（16〜19マイル）の時間の短い期間でギャロップ。

 

北アメリカアナグマ（アナグマ）とコヨーテスは（コヨーテ）狩猟一緒に、協同組合方式で見られている[10]。

[は]国会を編集する

 

ユーラシアアナグマの食事は、主にミミズ、昆虫の構成され、幼虫。また、同様に根小型哺乳類、両生類、爬虫類、鳥を食べると果物[11] [12]にアフリカを消費蜂蜜、ヤマアラシとパフ器なども毒ヘビ（の蜜アナグマ）を。彼らはミツバチの巣からはちみつへのアクセスを得るために木に登るされます。アメリカアナグマは、重量比率肉食動物である。開いている国では獲物を追いかける多くの肉食動物とは異なり、アナグマは掘ってその食品のほとんどをキャッチします。驚くべき速さで地上住居齧歯類の後はすることができますのトンネル。彼らはキャッシュ食品に知られている。

 

北米では、時にはアナグマと逆を食べるが、コヨーテの相互作用の大部分は相互または中性と思われる。[13]バッジャーズは酒に果実を腐敗を食べた後になることが知られている[14]

[は]バッジャーズと人間を編集する

ユーラシアアナグマ。

ユーラシアアナグマを参照してくださいアナグマ、牛結核の詳細については。

 

アナグマハンティング一般的な多くの国でです。アナグマは、ベルヌ条約に記載されとしてアナグマの人口を操作する多くの欧州諸国で禁止されていますが、彼らはそれ以外のすべての国際条約や法律の対象とされていません。

 

アナグマを苦しませることは、イギリスの虐待動物法1835と同様の保護バッジャーズ法1992年のそれは重大な犯罪になりますように殺すために、によって傷つけ、アナグマ、または損傷したり、妨げるを取る非合法化された血液中のスポーツ敷石ライセンスは、法定機関から得られる場合を除きます。キツネハンターが緩くセッツを防ぐためにブロックを許可免除は狩猟法2004年の経過とともに最後にもたらされたキツネをそれらにエスケープ追いかけた。

 

ヨーロッパの多くのアナグマは、1960年代と1970年代に狂犬病を制御へ]必要[編集を毒ガスていた。 1980年代まで、また、英国で牛結核の広がりを制御する実践された毒ガス攻撃。

 

ダックスフント犬の品種はアナグマの歴史を持って、"ダックス"をアナグマのドイツ語であり、ダックスフントは、もともとアナグマの猟犬なるために飼育された[15]

[食品として[編集]

 

ほとんど今日、米国やイギリス、[16]アナグマで食べがいたかつて先住民族と白の植民者の食事のメインの肉のソース[17] [18] [19] [20] [21]バッジャーズも英国で二次世界大戦と1950年代に食べていた。[18]

 

ロシアでは、アナグマの肉の消費量はまだ普及している[22]アナグマは、一緒に犬と豚肉、シシのケバブはロシアのアルタイ地方で虫症の発生の主な原因として挙げている。アナグマの肉[22]消費も発生します。クロアチアは、グーラッシュの伝統的な料理のバリエーションに使用されて他のヨーロッパ諸国など。[23]ロシアは対照的に、ある虫症アナグマの肉の消費に関連する報告はない。これは、肉との良好な熱処理の十分な準備に入金されます。[21]

 

フランスでは、アナグマの肉は、いくつかの料理など、Blarieur auは歌い、それが田舎料理では比較的一般的な成分だったの作成に使用されている[24]バッジャー肉スペインの一部では最近までも食べていた。[25]

 

アナグマは、中国の食糧の源であり、残って肉が自由市場の場所で入手可能です。[26] [27]その他のアジア諸国はまた、消費アナグマ肉の伝統がある。日本で、それは、それは謙虚の食品としてみなされているの民話で記載されている[28]

[は]商用利用を編集する

 

今日のアナグマは、市販のシェービングブラシを作成するに収穫される自分の髪のため発生します。ほぼすべての商業アナグマの毛は、中国本土から来て、[編集は]の3つのグレードで、中国とヨーロッパのメーカーを磨くことを髪の結び目を供給する必要がありました。農村中国北部では、アナグマ作物の迷惑になるポイントし、乗算村協同組合は、狩りのアナグマに国から認可され、その毛を処理します。髪はまた、ペイントブラシ、使用され、ネイティブアメリカンの衣服にトリムとして使われた。これは、人形の髪の毛などいくつかのインスタンスで使用されている[29] [編集は]が必要

[大衆文化で[編集]

アナグマ、ネズミ、モグラ、とトードウィローズの風。

 

バッジャーズは英語小説で人気があります。バッジャー文字は、著者のブライアンジャックのレッドウォールシリーズは、最も頻繁にアナグマ主やアナグマ母のタイトルに該当する、19世紀の詩を紹介され、"狸は"ジョンクレアでアナグマ狩り、アナグマを苦しませることを示します。ラッセルホバン子供の本の文字は、フランシスアナグマです。アナグマの神は、タモラピアスと"狸"で仙に機能さコミックのヒーローマイク男爵によって作成されます。

 

他の多くの物語が文字がビアトリクスポターを含むようにアナグマをフィーチャー物語氏トッド（トミーブロック）のだ、CSルイス、ウィローズのケネスグレアムの風でメアリーTourtel、カスピアン王子の角笛（Trufflehunter）でルパートベアーの冒険は、THホワイトとは一度とロアルドダールの未来王とマーリンの書籍、ファンタスティック氏フォックス、コリンダンは、木材とエリンハンターズ - 戦士ファーシングの動物がいる。

 

ポケモンでは、TyphlosionとLinooneはアナグマに基づいているバッジャーズも映画やアニメーションで紹介され：バッジャーソングフラッシュビデオを、グループ体操をして示しています。ウォルトディズニーの1973年の映画ロビンフッドは、アナグマのフライアータックの文字を表しています。

 

民俗では、日本では狸は時々いたずらが、アナグマはもともと、[31]とアナグマ州の状態の動物冬の長さを予測するために使用されたされて、欧州では[30]のように表示される野生生物ですウィスコンシン[32]アナグマもウィスコンシン大学のスポーツチームのマスコットです。 2007提案は、イギリス軍は、人間はテロリストを殺すためにバスラ、イラク、近くのアナグマを食べてリリースしていたが反論した。[33] [34]

[は]ノートを編集する

 

1。 ^ BBCの自然界、2008年バッジャーズ：ザセットの秘密

2。 bウィナーを^を大腸菌米Cの。シンプソンとJ.了（1989）。オックスフォード英語辞典。オックスフォード：クラレンドンボタンを押します。 ISBNコード0-19-861186-2。オンラインhttp://dictionary.oed.comで（会員登録が必要です）。

3。 ^ソリンミハイOlteanu、トラキアの口蓋（アクセスされる：2010年4月3日）。

4。ルーマニア語源辞典^。オンラインDexonline.roで

5。 ^ヒントと物事は：集団名詞がRetgrieved 2010年6月28日

6。 ^ abは"豚-アナグマは、貧歯類：システマティックス属Arctonyx（哺乳：イタチ科）"の進化をされていません。ブラックウェルパブリッシング。 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bs.../art00006。

7。 ^バータとA.＆モーガン、G.S.』（1985）。新しいラッコ（食肉目、イタチ科）後期中新世と鮮新世（Hemphillian）北アメリカから。 jの古生物学、59：809〜819。

8。 ^スリーマン、D.P.ダベンポート、J.とCussen.R.E。とハモンド、R.F. 2009。ラット島、株式会社ドニゴールの小さなボディアドガーズ（アナグマ（L.）のイリジウム。ナット。jを30：1から6

9。 ^ブリンクヴァンデン、F.H. 1967。イギリスとヨーロッパの哺乳類へのフィールドガイド。コリンズ、ロンドン

10。 ^ Cahalane VHの（1950）バッジャー-コヨーテ"パートナーシップ"。ジャーナル哺乳類31：354〜355

11。 ^"アナグマの生態学：ダイエット"。ウッドチェスターパークバッジャーリサーチ。セントラル科学研究所。 http://www.badgerecology.org/BEdiet.htm。繧2008-08-30。

12。 ^"国会ユーラシアアナグマ"の。 Badgerecology.org。 http://www.badgerecology.org/BEdiet.htm。繧2009-04-25。

13。 ^ Kiliaan HPLを、マモ℃、パキットのPC（1991）コヨーテ、コヨーテ、およびアナグマ、アナグマ、サイプレスヒルズ州立公園、アルバータ州の近くに作用。カナダフィールドナチュラリスト105：122から12

14。 ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/art...f0115R6doQ

15。 ^"ダックスフンド、ダックス、ウィーン犬、少しホットドッグ、ホットドッグ犬"。犬の品種情報センター。 http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/dachshund.htm。繧2008-08-30。

16。 ^"ワンダーランド：1月23日のマン日を食べるバッジャーズおよびその他の奇妙な物語 - テレビピック、2008"。 Library.digiguide.com。 http://library.digiguide.com/lib/uk-tv-h...umentary/。繧2009-04-25。

17。 ^"プライマリソースドキュメント"。 Bcheritage.ca。 http://www.bcheritage.ca/cariboo/primary/mcmick.htm。繧2009-04-25。

18。 b"をどのように"アナグマを焼くに^。 Globalchefs.com。 http://web.archive.org/web/2007071518330...23bak.htm。繧2010年6月7日。

19。虫症の集団発生（2001-2004）"の^"の概要。 Trichinella.org。 http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/...ussia.htm。繧2009-04-25。

20。 ^"メソ：最初のクロアチア肉ジャーナルVol.VII 1号2005年2月"。 Hrcak。 2005年2月1日。 http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clan...2

21。 ^ abは"http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf"（PDFファイル）。 http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf。

22。虫症の集団発生（2001-2005） - ロシアの^ abは"概要"。 http://www.trichinella.org。 http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/...ussia.htm。繧2008-10-11。

23。ハンターの台所から^"スウィートの繊細さ - アナグマ（メレスグリオ）は"要約Lにメレスグリオ。ポータルクロアチアの科学雑誌です。 http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clan...2

24。 ^モリニエ、アニー。モリニエ、ジャン=クロード。d' Hauterives、ブノワLumeau。 （2004）。レ料理のoubliées。イリノイ州：Editionsはシュッドウエスト。 ISBNコード978から2879015491。 http://www.gastronomydomine.com/2006/06/...stew.htmlでその部品は買う。

25。スペインで^"バッジャーズ"。 IberiaNature。 http://www.iberianature.com/mammals/othe...in-spain/。繧2008-11-25。

26。 ^ショップシェービング英語。 "オールド英語はショップシェービング - 英語バッジャーは保護種"です。 Englishshavingshop.com。 http://www.englishshavingshop.com/shopco...protected~~V。繧2009-04-25。

27。 ^"は"種類とブルームブリストル。 Emsplace.com。 http://www.emsplace.com/bristle_types_and_bloom.htm。繧2009-04-25。

28。 ^ラディン、ポール。 （1946年）。日本の民話カリフォルニア州の物語として - アメリカ民俗学、集誌。 59号233（1946年7月〜9月）、PPの。289から308。イリノイ州：イリノイ大学を押して、アメリカ民俗学会のために。オンラインhttp://www.jstor.org/pss/536252で（会員登録が必要です）。

29。 ^"ADW：アメリカアナグマ：インフォメーション"。動物の多様性のWeb。 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/si...axus.html。繧2008-08-30。

30。 ^ジェレミーロバーツ：日本の神話A Zの第2版、2010年まで。 ISBNコード978-1-60413-435-3。

31。 ^ユッダーは、日グラウンドホグドン。メカニクスバーグは、PA：スタックポール書籍、2003年ISBNコード0-8117-0029-1

32。 ^ http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/critte...badger.htm

33。 ^は、"イギリスはバスラのアナグマの"非難した。 BBCのニュース。 2007年7月12日。 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6295138.stm。繧2007-07-12。

34。 ^カーニー、マイク（2007年7月12日）。 "'巨大な男が、'は、ターゲットのイラク"アナグマを食べリリース英国の否定。 USAトゥデイ。 http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/200...rele.html。繧2007-07-12。

 

[は]外部リンクを編集する

検索ウィキスピーシーズウィキスピーシーズている情報に関連する：アナグマ亜科

検索ウィキソースウィキソースは1911年ブリタニカ百科事典の記事アナグマのテキストをしています。

 

* Badgerland - 決定的バッジャーズをオンにラインガイド英国で

バッジャーズの* WildlifeOnline - 自然史

*バッジャー基本

 

[は]ショー

五•dは•電子

現存する食肉種

イギリス：動物界の·の門：動物門·クラス：哺乳·下綱：真獣亜綱の·の上目：Laurasiatheria

[は]ショー

 

亜ネコ亜目

Nandiniidae

Nandinia

 

アフリカパームジャコウネコ（国連のbinotata）

マングース科

（マングース）

Atilax

 

マーシュマングース（A.のpaludinosus）

Bdeogale

 

毛のふさふさしたマングース（Bのcrassicauda） - ジャクソンのマングース（のB.ジャクソンヤワゲネズミ） - 黒足マングース（のB.クロアシアホウドリ）

Crossarchus

 

アレクサンダーのKusimanse（Cのalexandri） - アンゴラKusimanse（Cのansorgei） - 一般的なKusimanse（C.のobscurus） - は、フラットはKusimanseを（C.のplatycephalus）向かった

Cynictis

 

イエローマングース（C.のpenicillata）

Dologale

 

Pousarguesのマングース（D.のdybowskii）

Galerella

 

アンゴラスレンダーマングース（G.のflavescens） - ソマリアスレンダーマングース（G.のochracea） - ケープグレーマングース（G.のpulverulenta） - スレンダーマングース（G.のヒイロタケ）

Helogale

 

エチオピアドワーフマングース（笠原5-6） - 一般的なドワーフマングース（H.のヒメボタル）

Herpestes

 

短期つかれたマングース（H.のウサギ） - インディアングレーマングース（hのedwardsii） - インディアンブラウンマングース（のH. fuscus） - エジプトのマングース（H.のヒメバチ） - ジャワマングース（笠原javanicus） - 長期鼻マングース（ hの鼻） - ナンヨウショウビンマングース（笠原semitorquatus） - ラディーマングース（hのスミスネズミ） - は、カニはマングースを（hのurva） - ストライプネックマングース（笠原vitticollis）を食べる

Ichneumia

 

オジロワシマングース（第1報albicauda）

Liberiictus

 

リベリアマングース（L.のkuhni）

マンゴス

 

ガンビアマングース（M.のgambianus） - シママングース（M.のマンゴ）

Paracynictis

 

セルー'マングース（P. selousi）

Rhynchogale

 

メラーのマングース（rをmelleri）

ミーアキャット属

 

ミーアキャット（米suricatta）

ハイエナ科

（ハイエナ）

ブチハイエナ属

 

斑点ハイエナ（C.のブチハイエナ属）

ハイエナ

 

ブラウンハイエナ（笠原トビイロゴキブリ） - シマハイエナ（H.のハイエナ）

アードウルフ属

 

アードボルプ（P.のクジャク）

猫科

大家族、下記

ジャコウネコ科

大家族、下記

Eupleridae

小さな家族経営の下記の

[は]ショー

 

家族ネコ科

Felinae

Acinonyx

 

チーター（A.のjubatusの）

カラカル

 

カラカル（C.のカラカル）

Catopuma

 

ベイ猫（C.のバディア） - アジアのゴールデン猫（Cのオジロトウネン）

ネコ属

 

中国山猫（以下F. bieti） - 猫（ブナカトゥス） - ジャングルキャット（ブナchaus） - パラス'猫（ブナマヌルネコ） - サンド猫（ブナマルガリータ） - 黒足猫（ブナクロアシアホウドリ） ·ワイルドキャット（ブナsilvestris）

Leopardus

 

パンタナール猫（L.のbraccatus） - Colocolo（L.のcolocolo） - ジョフロアの猫れる（L. geoffroyi） - コドコド（L.のguigna） - アンデスマウンテンキャット（L.のjacobitus） - パンパス猫（L.のpajeros） - オセロット（左。pardalis） - Oncilla（L.のtigrinusと） - マーゲイれる（L. wiedii）

Leptailurus

 

サーバル（L.のサーバル）

山猫

 

カナダリンクス（L.のcanadensisの） - ユーラシアリングス（L.の山猫） - イベリアリングス（L.のpardinus） - ボブキャット（L.のルーファス）

Pardofelis

 

大理石の猫（P.のヒゲナガカワトビケラ）

Prionailurus

 

Leopardの猫（P.のベンガル） - イリオモテヤマネコ（P.の类） - は、フラットは猫（P.の扁平頭） - ラス-斑点猫（P.のrubiginosus） - 釣り猫（P.のviverrinus）向かった

Profelis

 

アフリカゴールデンキャット（P.のaurata）

プーマ

 

クーガー（P.のconcolorの） - ジャガランディ（P. yagouaroundi）

ヒョウ亜科

ウンピョウ属

 

ウンピョウ（nをの摂） - ボルネオウンピョウ（nをdiardi）

猫科

 

ライオン（P.のレオ） - ジャガー（P.のonca） - ヒョウ（P.のパーダス） - タイガー（P.のチグリス）

ユキヒョウ属

 

Snow Leopardは（米の1オンス）

[は]ショー

 

家族ジャコウネコ（）は、ハクビシンが含まれて

Paradoxurinae

Arctictis

 

ビントロング（A.のビントロング）

Arctogalidia

 

小歯パームジャコウネコ（A.のtrivirgata）

Macrogalidia

 

スラウェシパームジャコウネコ（メートルmusschenbroekii）

Paguma

 

仮面ライダーパームジャコウネコ（P.のlarvata）

Paradoxurus

 

アジアパームジャコウネコ（P.のヘルマプロディートス） - ジェルドンのパームジャコウネコ（P.のjerdoni） - パルムドールジャコウネコ（P.のzeylonensis）

Hemigalinae

Chrotogale

 

オーストンのパームジャコウネコ（C.のヤマガラ）

Cynogale

 

オッタージャコウネコ（Cのbennettii）

Diplogale

 

ホースのパームジャコウネコ（D.の法政大学）

Hemigalus

 

縞パームジャコウネコ（笠原derbyanus）

Prionodontinae

（アジアのlinsangs）

Prionodon

 

縞リンサン（P.のリンサン）リンサンを（P.のpardicolor）斑点·

Viverrinae

Civettictis

 

アフリカジャコウネコ（C.のシベッタ）

ジェネッタ

（ジェネッツ）

 

アビシニアンジュネ（G.のabyssinicaの） - アンゴラジュネ（G.のangolensis） - バーロンのジュネ（G.のbourloni） - トキServalineジュネ（G.のクリスタタ） - 一般的なジュネ（G.のジェネッタ） - ジョンストンのジュネ（G.のjohnstoni） - ラスティ斑点のあるジュネ（G.のマクラータ） - Pardineジュネ（G.のpardina） - 水生ジュネ（G.のpiscivora） - 王ジュネ（G.のpoensis） - Servalineジュネ（G.のservalina） - Haussaジュネ（Gをthierryi） - ケープジュネ（G.のティグリーナ） - ジャイアントフォレストジュネ（G.のvictoriae）

Poiana

 

レイトンのリンサン（P.のleightoni） - アフリカリンサン（P. richardsonii）

Viverra

 

マラバル大斑ジャコウネコ（V.のcivettina）が大斑点ジャコウネコを（V.のmegaspila） - マレージャコウネコ（V.のtangalunga） - 大インドジャコウネコ（V.のzibetha）·

Viverricula

 

小インドジャコウネコ（V.のインディカ）

[は]ショー

 

家族Eupleridae

Euplerinae

Cryptoprocta

 

フォッサ（Cのフォッサ）

Eupleres

 

Falanouc（大腸菌goudotii）

窩

 

マダガスカルジャコウネコ（のF. fossana）

Galidiinae

Galidia

 

ワオキツネザルマングース（G.の虫）

Galidictis

 

ブロードストライプマダガスカルマングース（G.のクラカケアザラシ） - Grandidierのマングース（Gをgrandidieri）

Mungotictis

 

狭ストライプマングース（M.のdecemlineata）

Salanoia

 

ブラウンつかれたマングース（米単色）

[は]ショー

 

亜イヌ亜目（続き下）

クマ科

（ベアーズ）

ジャイアントパンダ属

 

ジャイアントパンダ（A.のmelanoleuca）

マレーグマ属

 

日ベアー（笠原グマ）

ナマケグマ属

 

ナマケモノベアー（M.のオットセイ）

メガネグマ属

 

メガネグマ（のT.グマ）

クマ属

 

アメリカのブラックベアー（米のカジカ） - ブラウンベアー（米のarctos） - グリズリーベアー（米国のarctosのhorribilis） - ホッキョクグマ（米のmaritimus） - アジアのブラックベアー（米、古纸配合）

Mephitidae

（スカンク）

Conepatus

（ホッグ鼻

スカンク）

 

モリーナのブタバナスカンク（C.のchinga） - フンボルトのブタバナスカンク（Cのhumboldtii） - アメリカブタバナスカンク（C.のleuconotus） - ストライプブタバナスカンク（C.のsemistriatus）

毒気

 

フードスカンク（M.のmacroura） - ストライプスカンク（メートル毒気）

Mydaus

 

スンダスティンクバッジャー（M.のアナグマ） - パラワンスティンクバッジャー（メートルmarchei）

Spilogale

（）スカンクスポッティド

 

南は、スカンクは、（S.のangustifrons） - 欧米のS. putorius）はピグミースカンク（米ハッチョウトンボ）斑点·スカンク（斑点スカンク（S.の薄） - 東斑点斑点

アライグマ科

オリンゴ属

（Olingos）

 

アレンのオリンゴ（のB. alleni） - ベッダードのオリンゴ（Bのbeddardi） - ブッシーつかれたオリンゴ（Bのgabbii） - ハリスのオリンゴ（のB.トビイロケアリ） - チリキオリンゴ（Bのポーリー）

カコミスル

 

ワオキツネザル猫（のB. astutus） - カコミスル（のB. sumichrasti）

アカハナグマ

（Coatisを含む）

 

ハナジロハナグマ（国連のnarica） - 南アメリカコーティ（国連のアカハナグマ）

Nasuella

（Coatisを含む）

 

マウンテンコーティ（国連のolivacea）

キンカ

 

キンカジュー（P.のジュー）

プロキオン

 

カニはラクーンを（P.のcancrivorus） - ラクーン（P.のアライグマ） - コスメルラクーン（P.のpygmaeus）を食べる

Ailuridae

Ailurus

 

レッドパンダ（A.のfulgens）

[は]ショー

 

亜イヌ亜目（上記続き）

アシカ科

（ミシシッピアカミミガメシール）

（オットセイを含む

とアシカ）

（鰭脚類を含む）

ミナミオットセイ属

 

南アメリカオットセイ（A.のヨシ） - オーストラリアオットセイについて（A. forsteri） - ガラパゴスオットセイ（A.のgalapagoensis） - 南極オットセイ（A.のgazellaの） - フアンフェルナンデスオットセイについて（A. philippii） - ブラウンファーシール（A.のpusillus） - グアダルーペオットセイについて（A. townsendi） - 南極オットセイ（A.のトロピカリス）

キタオットセイ属

 

北オットセイ（Cのオットセイ）

Eumetopias

 

トド（大腸菌のjubatus）

Neophoca

 

オーストラリアアシカ（国連のかび）

オタリア

 

南米アシカ（Oをflavescens）

Phocarctos

 

ニュージーランドアシカ（P. hookeri）

アシカ

 

カリフォルニアアシカ（シバcalifornianus） - ガラパゴスアシカ（Zのwollebaeki）

セイウチ科

（鰭脚類を含む）

セイウチ属

 

セイウチ（Oをrosmarus）

アザラシ科

（芳一シール）

（鰭脚類を含む）

ズキンアザラシ属

 

ズキンアザラシ（C.のクリスタタ）

アゴヒゲアザラシ属

 

アゴヒゲアザラシ（大腸菌ヒゲ）

ハイイロアザラシ属

 

グレーのシール（笠原grypus）

Histriophoca

 

リボンシール（H.のクラカケアザラシ）

ヒョウアザラシ属

 

Leopardのシール（H.のアザラシ）

ウェッデルアザラシ属

 

ウェデルシールれる（L. weddellii）

カニクイアザラシ属

 

カニをよく食う魚シール（L.のcarcinophagus）

ゾウアザラシ属

（ゾウアザラシ）

 

北のゾウアザラシ（M.のangustirostris） - 南ゾウシール（M.の回虫）

Monachus

 

地中海モンクシール（M.のmonachus）ハワイアンモンクシール（メートルschauinslandi）·

ロスアザラシ属

 

ロスシール（Oのロッシ）

Pagophilus

 

タテゴトアザラシ（P.のgroenlandicus）

ゴマフアザラシ属

 

斑点を付けられたシール（P.のlargha） - 港シール（P.のvitulina）

プーサ

 

カスピ海シール（P.のcaspica） - ワモンアザラシ（P. hispidaの） - バイカルアザラシ（P.の近縁）

犬科

大家族、下記

イタチ科

大家族、下記

[は]ショー

 

家族カニダエ

Atelocynus

短期耳犬（A.のmicrotis）

カニス

ヨコスジャッカル（C.のadustus） - ゴールデンジャッカル（C.の黄色ブドウ球菌） - コヨーテ（C.のlatrans） - ハイイロオオカミ（C.のループス） - 犬（Cのループスfamiliarisの） - セグロジャッカル（C.のmesomelas） ·エチオピアウルフ（C.のsimensis）

Cerdocyon

カニは食べフォックス（C.のthous）

Chrysocyon

タテガミオオカミ（C.のウサギ）

ドール属

ドール（C.のalpinus）

Lycalopex

クルペオ（L.のculpaeus） - ダーウィンのフォックス（L.のfulvipes） - 南アメリカのグレーフォックス（L.のオオメハタ） - パンパスフォックス（L.のgymnocercus）·セチュラギツネフォックス（L.のsechurae） - 白髪フォックス（L.のvetulus）

リカオン属

アフリカの野生犬（L.のハリギリ）

タヌキ属

ラクーンドッグ（国連のprocyonoides）

オオミミギツネ属

オオミミギツネ（Oをmegalotis）

Speothos

ブッシュドッグ（S.のvenaticus）

Urocyon

グレーフォックス（米のcinereoargenteus） - 島フォックス（米サキシマスオウノキ）

Vulpes

ベンガルフォックス（Vのベンガル） - ブランフォードのフォックス（五カナ） - ケープフォックス（Vのチャーマ） - コサックギツネ（V.のコサックギツネ）·チベットサンドフォックス（V.のferrilata） - ホッキョクギツネ（V.のライチョウ属） - キットフォックス（五macrotis） - ペールフォックス（Vの仮死） - アマのフォックス（Vのrueppelli） - スウィフトフォックス（V.のベロックス） - レッドフォックス（V.のvulpes） - フェフォックス（V.のフェネックギツネ）

[は]を非表示

 

家族イタチ科

Lutrinae

（カワウソ）

ヒマラヤマーモット

 

アフリカツメナシカワウソ（A.のcapensis） - 東洋小爪オッター（A.のかび）

Enhydraの

 

ラッコ（大腸菌lutris）

Hydrictis

 

斑点ネックオッター（笠原maculicollis）

Lontra

 

北アメリカの川カワウソ（L.のcanadensisの） - 海洋オッター（L.のフェリーナ） - 新熱帯区のオッター（L.のlongicaudis） - 南川オッター（L.のprovocax）

カワウソ

 

欧州オッター（L.のカワウソ） - 毛鼻オッター（L.のsumatrana）

Lutrogale

 

滑らかなコーティングオッター（L.のperspicillata）

Pteronura

 

ジャイアントオッター（P.の増水）

イタチ亜科

（バッジャーズを含む）

Arctonyx

 

ホッグバッジャー（A.のイワヒバリ）

アイラ

 

タイラ（大腸菌バーバラ）

Galictis

 

レッサーグリソン（G.のcuja） - 大グリソン（G.のvittata）

ガロー

 

ウルヴァリン（G.のガロー）

Ictonyx

 

サハラストライプポールキャット（第1報libyca） - ストライプポールキャット（第1報アンコウ）

Lyncodon

 

パタゴニアイタチ（L.のpatagonicus）

マーツ

（マーテンズ）

 

アメリカマーテン（M.のワモンゴキブリ）キエリテンは（M.のflavigula） - ブナマーテン（M.のfoina） - ニルギリマーテン（メートルgwatkinsii） - ヨーロッパのパインマーテン（M.のテン） - 日本のマーテン（M.のメラムプース）· ·フィッシャー（M.のpennanti） - セイ（M.のzibellina）

メレス

 

日本バッジャー（M.のanakuma） - アジアバッジャー（M.のleucurus） - アナグマ（M.のアナグマ）

Mellivora

 

ラーテル（M.のcapensis）

インドイタチアナグマ

（フェレット-アナグマ）

 

ボルネオフェレット-アナグマ（M.のeveretti） - 中国フェレット-アナグマ（M.のmoschata） - ジャワフェレット-アナグマ（M.の東洋） - ビルマフェレット-アナグマ（M.のコノハズク）

イタチ属

（イタチ）

 

アマゾンイタチ（M.のアフリカーナ）山岳イタチ（M.のaltaica） - アーミン（M.のerminea） - 草原ポールキャット（M.のeversmannii） - コロンビアイタチ（メートルfelipei） - エナガイタチ（M.のfrenata） - 日本イタチ（のM. itatsi）イエロー膨らまさイタチは（のM. kathiah） - ヨーロッパミンク（結核lutreola） - インドネシアの山イタチ（のM. lutreolina）今度発表クロアシイタチする（M.クロアシアホウドリ）イイズナは（のM.ホオジロ· ） - マレーウィゾル（M.のnudipes） - 欧州ポールキャット（M.のputorius） - シベリアンウィゾル（M.の近縁）に戻るストライプイタチは（M.のstrigidorsa） - エジプトウィゾル（M.のsubpalmata）·

Neovison

（ミンクス）

 

アメリカミンク（国連ミンク）

Poecilogale

 

アフリカストライプイタチ（P.のalbinucha）

Taxidea

 

アメリカアナグマ（のT.イチイ）

Vormela

 

大理石ポールキャット（V.のperegusna）

"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badger"より作成

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[MarbleZone]

Okay, this... isn't even a game, this is pure nonsense :/

 

If you absolutely must have this back, PM me; as it is, please go post in actual game threads...